1. Informed Citizenry
By: Lyric Lewis

2. The 13 Colonies. 1 Massachusetts 2 New York 3 Rhode Island 4 Virginia
5 Delaware
6 North Carolina
7 New Jersey
8 South Carolina
9 Georgia
10 New Hampshire
11 Connecticut
12 Pennsylvania
13 Maryland
Reasons People came to the 13 colonies:
- Religious Freedom
- Economic Opportunity

3. Types of Government. Anarchy- NO government.
Autocracy- ruled by ONE person.
Dictator- complete political control.
Totalitarian- TOTAL control.
Monarchy- ruled by a king or queen.
Theocracy- ruled by religious leaders.
Oligarchy- ruled by few.
Democracy- ruled by the people.
Aristocracy- ruled by upper class.

4. Judicial Branch. Jurisdiction- right to hear and decide a case.
Original jurisdiction- right to hear and decide a case 1st.
Appellate jurisdiction- right to hear and decide a case on appeal.
Marbury vs. Madison-
*created judicial review*

5. The Fed’s vs. The Anti-fed’s
Federalist’s:
For the constitution
Strong federal Gov.
Weak state Gov.
Antifederalist’s:
Against constitution
Weak federal Gov.
Strong state Gov.
bill of rights
*protects people from Federal abuse.*

6. 3 Branches of Government.
Legislative branch- makes state laws
Executive Branch- carry out laws
Judicial Branch- judges and interprets constitution.

7. General Assembly. House of Rep. -120 - 2 year term Qualifications:
21 years old.
Citizen/ Voter
live in district
Senate
-50 senators
2 year term
-Qualifications:
25 years old
live in district for 2 years.
Citizen for 2 years.

8. Powers.
Presidential powers- commander in chief. *final decisions in military matters.
Judicial powers
-pardons: a legal forgiveness of a crime.
-amnesty: pardon a group
-reprieves: delaying punishment
-commutations: lessening someone's punishment
Appointing powers
-all federal judges
-important executives jobs
-approved by senate
Diplomatic powers-establishing relations w/foreign nations *treaties*
Legislative powers- veto.

9. 27 Amendments. 13th: ended slavery
14th: equal protection under the law
15th: black people have the right to vote
16th: congress can tax your income
17th: directly elect senators
18th: prohibits alcohol
21st: repeals the 18th amendment
19th: gave women the right to vote
22nd: limited president to 2 terms
23rd: gave DC. 3 electoral votes
24th: no poll tax
25th: established presidential succession
26th: must be 18 years old to vote

10. Impeachment Process. Impeachment process:
The house brings the charges. (impeached)
Senate convicts the impeachment 2/3 must agree or nothing happens.
Law that declares an individual guilty (bill of attainder).
 Laws that punish behavior committed before the law was passed. (ex post facto law)
*impeachment- perfect example of checks and balances.

11. 6 steps to how a bill becomes a law.
Introduced by congress person.
Committee review.
-(filter bad bills from good bills)
-(most bills die in committee)
3. Floor debate
-house rules committee.
-house sets limits on debate.
-senate: unlimited time for debate.
-filibuster: a senator continuously talks to delay a vote.
-cloture: 3/5 vote to end a filibuster.
4. Vote
5. Conference committee
-makes house and senate bill the same.
6. President acts:
1. sign
2. veto (cancel a bill)  override with 2/3 vote of congress.
3. ignore for up to 10 days  bill is passed.
4. pocket veto- bill is cancelled because congress stops meeting.