1. Early Formation of Gov’t Articles of Confederation The Constitution
Ch. 2: The Constitution
Early Formation of Gov’t
Articles of Confederation
The Constitution

2. Early Formation of Gov’t
Mayflower Compact
-granted authority
Thomas Paine
John Locke
Declaration of Independence
COMMON SENSE

4. Thinkers Affecting Democracy
John Locke
Montesquieu
De Toqueville
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

5. Articles of Confederation
weaknesses in Articles of Confederation
Shays’ Rebellion (1787)

6. Impact of Shay’s Rebellion
Federalists v. Anti-federalists
liberalism v. conservatism
Federalist 10
Federalist 51
Tyranny of the majority
Tyranny of the minority
Formation of Const.
-NJ & VA Plans
-3/5 Compromise
-Great Compromise
-Madisonian Model
Marbury v. Madison
McCulloch v. Maryland

7. The Federalists Premise: strong national gov’t because. . . Key People
James Madison
Alexander Hamilton

8. The Anti-federalists
Premise: weak national gov’t; strong states because. . .
Key People
Thomas Jefferson
Benjamin Franklin

9. Liberalism v. Conservatism
National strength in:
economics (domestic policy)
“take a liberal approach to stimulating the economy and providing for the welfare of all Americans”
National strength in:
world affairs
Morality
“take a conservative approach to economic matters, allow the states and local gov’t to see to matters as they know best”

10. The Federalist Papers Written by James Madison & Alexander Hamilton
-people feared disconnection of big gov’t
-Federalist 10 :
“need gov’t to control factions”
“people will be able to use the election process to effectively choose a representative who will connect to them”
Tyranny of the majority -
Tyranny of the minority -

11. Assignment: Read Federalist 10 & Federalist 51
-separate & distinct exercise of different powers of gov’t
Why:
-names the branches
-checks & balances to protect encroachments
-people give up power = gov’t gains authority

12. Types of Checks & Balances
Federal Gov
Vertical checks & balances
Horizontal checks & balances
Citizens
Factions National Gov
(expanding the sphere)
PRIMITIVE POLITICS

13. Writing the Constitution
Formation of Const.
-NJ & VA Plans
-3/5 Compromise
-Great Compromise
-Madisonian Model

14. Ratification of the Constitution
*Ratification was initially defeated on August 4, 1788, by a vote of 84–184.
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15. Constitution Article I – Legislative Branch Art. II - Art. III
Art. IV – InterState Rules
Art. V – Amendment Procedures
Art. VI – Misc. Oaths
Art. VII - Ratification
Bill of Rights

16. How to change the Constitution
Formal Amendment
2/3 vote in each house, ¾ of state leg.
2. Convention
3. Interpretation
(legislation, court rulings)

17. Amendments to the Constitution
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18. Charles Beard: Economic Interpretation of the Constitution
Assignment: Find an analysis of
Beard’s Interpretation and be ready
to discuss your opinion as it applies historically and to present day politics

19. National v. states’ rights
The Lasting Issues
2-party system
National v. states’ rights
Minority groups
Interest groups
Others?

20. Questions for Critical Thinking?
In your opinion, what constitutional amendment is the most important? What are the top five constitutional amendments that are relevant today?
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