1. Types of Learning Strategies
overview
Learning Styles and Strategies
Lorena Almaraz

2. History
The research of language strategies began in the 1960’s. Aaron Carton published his study “The Method of Interference in Foreign Language Study”.
In 1975 Rubin classified strategies in terms of processes contributing directly or indirectly to language learning.

3. *What to use
Learning process
*How to use
Choices
Success

4. Learning Strategies
Processes that may contribute directly to learning (Brown,1980)
Processes, techniques, approaches and actions that students take to facilitate the learning and recall of both linguistic and content areas of information (Chamot 1987, cited in Hismanoglu, 2000)
Specific actions taken by the learner to make learning easier, faster, more enjoyable, more self-directed, and more transferable to new situations (Oxford, 1990)

5. Learning Strategies - Features
To contribute to reach the task
To allow learners become more self-directed
To expand the teachers’ roles
Is problem oriented
Specific actions taken by the learners
They involve many aspects and are influenced by different factors
They can be observable, conscious, taught and flexible

6. Learning Strategies Cognitive Metacognitive Memory Compensation Social
Enable learners to understand
and produce new language
by practicing, analyzing and reasoning
Metacognitive
Allow learners to control
their own learning through
organizing, planning and
evaluating
Memory
Help learners to store
and retrieve information
by mental links
Learning Strategies
Compensation
Allow learners to communicate
despite deficiences
in their language knowledge.
Social
Help learners to interact
with other people
Affective
Help learners to gain control
over emotions, attitudes,
motivation and values

7. Some researches Writing skilled writers Thinking
Planning how to approach
Brainstorming
Organize information
Writing unskilled writers Planning
Confusion about the task

8. Learn strategies in the classroom, in self-study and in a situation.
Learners expect to choose the appropiate strategies according to the purpose of specific tasks.
Learn strategies in the classroom, in self-study and in a situation.
Is able to define strategies for improving memory for language learning.
Learn how to effectively transfer knowledge about language and communication from one language to another.
Be able to deal with errors.
Rubin (1985)

9. References
Richards J. , Lockhart ( 15th printing Reflective Teaching in Second Language Classrooms, Chapter 7, Interaction in the second language classroom
Oxford, R (2003) Language Learning Styles and Strategies: An Overview. Retrieved from:
NG (March 2015) UKESSAYS. Short History Of Language Learning Strategy English Language Essay. Retrieved from:
Baltateanu, C. (July 2016) RATE. Types of learning strategies. How to cope with a foreign language. Retrieved from: