1. Non-Infectious Diseases and Your Health

2. Noninfectious Diseases
Diseases that are NOT caused by pathogens and NOT transmitted from person to person.
*Also known as Non-communicable diseases
Examples: Heart disease, cancer, diabetes
Over history, the rate of infectious diseases has decreased while the rate of noninfectious diseases has increased.

3. Deadliest Non-Infectious Diseases
In 2018, the following diseases killed the most people worldwide and the rate continues to increase.
1. Cardiovascular Disease (heart attack, heart disease, and stroke) – 17.9 million
2. Cancer (all types) – 9 million
3. Chronic Respiratory Diseases (COPD and asthma) – 3.9 million
4. Diabetes – 1.6 million

4. Causes of Noninfectious Diseases
Lifestyle Choices: diet, exercise, tobacco, alcohol, drugs, and stress
Environmental Factors: chemical exposure, carcinogens, air pollution, water pollution, food safety
Genetics: inheritance plays a part in determining lifespan and the likelihood of developing certain illnesses.

5. Lifestyle choices
Diet: Eating a healthy diet can reduce the risk of certain diseases.

6. Diet (Lifestyle choice)
Digestion is the process that
allows your body to get the nutrients and energy it needs from the food you eat.
Overnutrition- the frequent overconsumption of food. Leads to obesity.
Malnutrition- when your body does not get enough nutrients.

7. Diseases related to Diet and Exercise
Heart Disease and Stroke
Type II Diabetes
Likely Causes:
Diet high in saturated fat and cholesterol, tobacco use, physical inactivity
Sugary diet, excess weight/obesity, physical inactivity

8. Tobacco (Lifestyle choice)
Tobacco products contain carcinogens and the addictive substance nicotine. Tobacco use and/or secondhand exposure increases risk of cancer, heart disease, asthma, and emphysema.

9. Cancer and Carcinogens
Cancer- abnormal cells divide out of control
(uncontrolled mitosis)
Carcinogens – Chemicals
that cause cancer

10. Alcohol (Lifestyle choice)
Over consumption of alcohol
can lead to cirrhosis,
pancreatitis, and heart
disease.
Pregnant women who drink
may cause their baby to be born with
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.
FAS babies may have
mental disabilities, physical
deformities, and other
birth defects.

11. Environmental Factors
Exposure to… can lead to…
Radon gas: Lung cancer
Air pollution: Asthma and cancer
Water pollution: Cancer and birth defects
UV radiation: Skin cancer

12. Genetics
Genetics play a factor in a person’s susceptibility to certain diseases.
This explains why some people can
smoke their whole lives and do not
get cancer and some people smoke
for a year and get cancer.

13. Genetic Diseases/Disorders
Genetic Disorders can be caused by gene mutation, deletion or chromosome abnormality.
Examples:
Cystic Fibrosis
Down’s Syndrome
Sickle Cell Disease
Muscular Dystrophy