1. Human impact

2. What do you know so far?
SC.912.L.17.20: Predict the impact of individuals on environmental systems and examine how human lifestyles affect sustainability.

3. Bellringer 10/3/18
SC.912.L Analyze how population size is determined by births, deaths, immigration, emigration, and limiting factors that determine carrying capacity.
Write down ALL the words, phrases, and terms you remember about our Ecology unit.

4. Vocabulary
sustainability, habitat, erosion, desertification, deforestation, eutrophication, urbanization, bioaccumulation, biomagnification, ozone depletion, fossil fuels, acid rain, smog, nonrenewable resource, renewable resource, conservation

5. sustainability
Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Living sustainably means balancing our consumption, our technology choices and our population numbers in order to live within the resources of the planet.
What are some examples of sustainability?

6. Sustainability and population growth
Until the world’s population stops growing, there will be no end to the need to squeeze individuals’ consumption of fossil fuels and other natural resources.

8. ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT
Your ecological footprint is the total areas of healthy land and water ecosystems needed to provide the resources you use.
It includes your use of resources such as energy, food, water, and shelter, and your production of wastes, such as sewage, trash, and greenhouse gases.

9. ‘murica
According to some calculations, the average American has an ecological footprint over four times larger than the global average.
An average American uses almost twice the resources of an average person in England, more than twice the resources used by an average person in Japan, and almost six times the resources used by an average person in China.

10. Anthropocene- age of humans
Today, human activities drive global change.
We cause erosion along rivers.
We have altered roughly three quarters of all land outside polar regions and mountain range.
We fix and distribute vast quantities of nitrogen, dramatically altering the nitrogen cycle.
We’ve increased the greenhouse gas levels to a concentration higher than the planet has seen for more than a million years.

11. Climate change
Climate change is defined as measurable long-term changes in averages of temperature, clouds, winds, precipitation, and the frequency of extreme weather events such as droughts, floods, major storms, and heat waves.
Any increase in concentration of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, traps more heat in the biosphere, causing global warming.
If climate change alters environmental conditions beyond organisms’ tolerance ranges, they must adapt, move to a more suitable location, or face extinction.

12. Effects of human activities: ALGAL BLOOMS
Algal bloom- nitrogen enrichment from burning fossil fuels can cause algal blooms. Nitrogen can also come from fertilizer (Eutrophication).

13. Effects of human activities: Acid rain
Acid Rain- Acid rain damages plant leaves and harms roots by releasing aluminum and other metals from some soils. Soil acidification can interfere with bacterial decay. Acidification of freshwater kills aquatic organisms from algae to fishes.

14. Effects of human activities: ocean acidification
Ocean Acidification- Carbon dioxide dissolves in seawater. Marine organisms build skeletons from calcium carbonate that they remove from seawater. When seawater is more acidic, they must spend more energy to build their skeletons.

15. Effects of human activities: methane- greenhouse gas
Methane is produced and released from cattle farming and contributes to global warming.

16. human effects: deforestation
Deforestation- Deforestation can affect water quality in streams and rivers. In mountainous areas, deforestation increases soil erosion, which can cause landslides.

17. More human effects
Monoculture- Monocultures are large plantings of a single highly productive crop. When large areas are used for grazing, or to grow monocultures for long periods, fertilizers and pesticides can change soil structure and microbiomes in ways that degrade soil and prevent secondary succession.
Urbanization and sewage- Large amounts of sewage can disrupt nutrient cycles and stimulate the growth of toxic or ecologically damaging blooms of bacteria and algae.

18. More human effects
Habitat loss- Habitats can be lost due to urban, suburban, or industrial development, as well as to logging and agriculture.
Habitat Fragmentation- Habitat fragmentation causes biodiversity loss and makes ecosystems more vulnerable.
Introduction of Invasive Species- Organisms introduced to new habitats can experience exponential growth and become invasive because they lack natural predators and parasites in their new homes. Ecological disruption caused by invasive species can drive native species to extinction.
Pollution- Common forms of air pollution include smog, greenhouse gases, heavy metals, and aerosols. The primary sources of water pollution are industrial and agricultural chemicals, residential sewage, and nonpoint sources.

19. biomagnification
When certain pollutants are picked up by organisms, the pollutants are not broken down or eliminated. Instead, they collect in body tissue.
Primary producers can absorb pollutants.
Herbivores that eat those producers store those pollutants and concentrate it further.
When carnivores eat herbivores, pollutants are further concentrated.
In higher trophic levels, pollutant concentrations may reach 10 million times their original concentration in the environment.

20. Biomagnification ddt
One of the first widely used pesticide, DDT, is cheap, long lasting, and effective at controlling agricultural pests and disease-carrying mosquitoes. However; when DDT gets into the water supply, it is concentrated by biological biomagnification.

21. Biomagnification- mercury
Heavy metals include lead, mercury, and zinc.
Mercury, for example, accumulates in certain marine fish such as tuna and swordfish. Even in low concentrations, mercury and lead can cause neurological problems in young children and adults.

22. Warm-up
The presence of wastes, such as plastic bags and motor oil, in lakes and streams miles away from developed areas suggests that
A. ecosystems are interconnected and human action can alter ecosystem equilibrium.
B. recycling programs have failed to conserve biotic resources.
C. natural processes can alter ecosystem stability.
D. direct harvesting practices have led to irreversible destruction of ecosystems.
WRITE 2-3 SENTENCES EXPLAINING YOUR ANSWER