1. The History of Life

2. The Fossil Record Compares changes over time & different organisms
Relative dating: estimate a fossil’s age compared with that of other fossils
Radioactive dating: calculate age based on remaining amounts radioactive isotopes

3. Miller & Urey’s Experiment
produced amino acids by passing sparks through a mixture of hydrogen, methane, ammonia, and water
suggested how mixtures of the organic compounds necessary for life could have arisen from simpler compounds present on a primitive earth.

4. Endosymbiotic Theory
Eukaryotic cells arose from living communities formed by prokaryotic organisms.
Mitochondria: prokaryotes used O2 to make ATP
Chloroplasts: prokaryotes carried out photosynthesis

5. Evolution of Multicellular Life
Precambrian: 90% of Earth’s history
Simple anaerobic life
photosynthetic forms - added oxygen
Eukaryotes
Life only existed in the seas

6. Evolution of Multicellular Life
Paleozoic Era – diversity of marine life
Devonian – vertebrates invaded land
Mass Extinction – end of Paleozoic
Plants & animals on land and in the sea
95% of ocean life disappeared
Mesozoic Era
Increasing dominance of dinosaurs
Flowering plants
Cenozoic Era
Mammals on land, water, & air

7. Patterns of Evolution
Extinction: 99% of all species that have ever lived are now extinct
Convergent Evolution: unrelated organisms come to resemble one another
Coevolution: 2 species evolve due to changes in each other over time