1. RYAN BRONSON PEDRO AYALA MS. PHAM PERIOD 1 MARCH 8, 2018
BUBUONIC plague
RYAN BRONSON
PEDRO AYALA
MS. PHAM
PERIOD 1
MARCH 8, 2018

2. Topic
The Bubonic plague is a disease spread all throughout Europe that killed thousands.
Discovered by: Alexander Yersin
Brought to Europe by rats carrying the disease on merchant ships.
The disease killed 30%-60% of Europe's population.
Many believed that the infections was caused by Mongols who infected the city of Kaffa by shooting infected corpse over the wall with catapults.

3. Many people who have obtained the Bubonic plague have caught this disease from morbid rats.
It is rarely passed from one person to another but it is a possibility.
It is still common in current time even though the disease came to be in the middle ages.
Everyone is susceptible to this disease.
About 10 to 20 people in the united states obtain this disease yearly.

4. An individual with the bubonic plague begins to have symptoms of someone with the flu.
Chills, weakness, fever, headache, and swollen tender lymph glands.
It takes 3-7 days after contact with the disease for it to take effect.
Many cases end with death

5. The lymph nodes are effected by the disease.
The lymphatic system becomes inflamed.
The innate immune response is the first line of defense against pathogens, depending on barrier structures, phagocytic cells, and dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and molecules such as complement proteins, cytokines, and antimicrobial peptides.

6. After 4 to 5 days, the T-cell- and B- cell-mediated adaptive immune response begins to provide organism- specific protection and has a long- lasting immunological memory.
To survive inside of the host and maintain a persistent infection, Y. pestis uses a variety of mechanisms to evade or overcome the host immune system, especially the innate immune system.
By the bite of an infected rodent flea, pestis may invade directly into the host through the barrier structure of the host skin

7. Powerful antibiotics used as treatment
Gentamicin
Doxycycline
Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
If treatment is not received within 24 hours of when the first symptoms occur, the risk of death increases
The time between being infected and developing symptoms is typically 2 to 8 days
Antibiotics are made accessible to those who need relief

8. Vaccines have not been found to be very useful, so several antibiotics are effective for treatment
Without treatment plague results in death of 30% to 90% of those infected
With treatment the risk of death is 10%
Globally 650 documented cases a year resulting in 120 deaths
The term “buboes” is also used to refer to swollen lymph nodes

9. What occurs to the lymphatic system during the bubonic plague?
It becomes inflamed.

10. How many people develop the bubonic plague each year? About 10-20.

11. How can someone obtain the bubonic plague?
From insects or parasites.

12. Who discovered the bubonic plague? Alexander yersin.