1. Chapter 5

2. The Roman Republic 753–31 b.c.e.
2 consuls and the Senate
paterfamilias.
patron/client relationships
Religion
Expansion
Citizenship
Local governors

3. Failure of the Republic
Social stratification
Wealthy elites
Slaves
Huge population of poor
Generals used the poor as soldiers
Loyal to General not Rome
Became incredibly powerful
Julius Caesar
Octavian Caesar (Augustus)

4. The Empire Non hereditary Emperors (Caesars) Urban Empire
Economic stratification
Towns copied Rome
Trade flourished (Pax Romana)
Romanization

5. Christianity Jews were being controlled by Rome
Looking for a Messiah
Jesus wanted to change some of the Jewish practices
Killed him
His disciples began teaching his message
Peter
Paul
2nd Jewish Diaspora
Persecuted minority in Rome
Eventually becomes accepted

6. Technology of Rome military and civil engineers bridge-building,
ballistic weapons,
aqueducts,
arches
domes,
concrete

7. Decline of Rome Frequent change in rulers Raids by Germans
High cost of defense
Inflation
Disrupted trade
Diocletian
Economic Reforms
Split Empire
Constantine
Legalized Christianity
Moved the Capital

8. Qin, 221 – 201 b.c.e. Shi Huangdi Legalist Primogeniture Slavery
standardized weights and measures

9. Han (206 b.c.e.–220 c.e.)
Confucian philosophy and Legalist techniques.
Territorial expansion
Chang’an
Luoyang
Social and economic stratification
Emperor- Aloof but fearful of people – Mandate of Heaven
2 chief officials
Local officials- gentry

10. Chinese technology cast-iron and steel crossbow, cavalry watermill
horse collar
Expanded communication and transportation
Silk Road

11. Decline of the Han Empire
Pressure by central Asian Nomads
Expensive to defend Northern boarders
Nobles became to powerful to tax and control
Factionalism at court,
Official corruption,
Peasant uprisings

12. Imperial Parallels Similarities Differences family structure
Land ownership
Treatment of conquered people
Difficult to defend boarders
Economic troubles
Differences
China was later reunified- Rome was not