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Personality Chapter 12.

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Presentation on theme: "Personality Chapter 12."— Presentation transcript:

1 Personality Chapter 12

2 What is Personality? Personality is an individual’s characteristic pattern of

3 Personality: Then and Now
Why we have personality Humanistic approach (Jung) What personality is Basic dimensionality of personality Interaction between individuals and environments

4 Psychoanalytic Perspective
Sigmund Freud Developed Developed idea of

5 The Unconscious Mind Id

6 Psychosexual Development
Oral (0-18 mo.) (18-36 mo.) Phallic ( ) Latency (6-Puberty) (Puberty +)

7 Defense Mechanisms As a member of society, the individual must repress ‘ ’ urges

8 Freud: Defense Mechanisms
Repression (has been shown to not exist) Reaction Formation

9 Freud: Defense Mechanisms
Displacement Unconscious generation of self justifying explanations Diverts sexual/aggressive impulses towards another object/person Freudian slips Fetishes

10 Freud One of the tests of this school of thought is the Thematic Apperception Test ( )

11 Humanistic Perspective
Maslow

12 The Trait Perspectives
These theories tend to look for stable and enduring Through factor analysis, psychologists have narrowed down possibilities to two distinct dimensions

13 Eysenck’s Personality ‘Map’

14 Biological Influences
Extraverts

15 The Big Five The best approximation of how many distinct personality constructs exist currently rests at Set up as dichotomy between

16 The Big Five

17 The Big Five Openness to Experiences Extraversion Neuroticism

18 Predictability of Behavior
Short answer: No

19 The Social Cognitive Perspective
Proposed by Albert Bandura Focus on the interactions between individual and

20 Notes:

21 Personal Control Locus of Control Optimism vs Pessimism

22 Locus of Control Who has the control in the situation? Internals:
External Control: : Me Internals: Able to delay gratification, more independent

23 Learned Helplessness The that an animal or human learns when unable to avoid an event

24 Optimisim vs Pessimism
Optimist Realist

25 Exploring the Self Possible Selves

26 Self Esteem The basic feeling that you have self worth

27 Self Esteem and Culture
Several theories on ‘why’ we have it Sociometer People who experience prejudice do not suffer from lower self esteem

28 Self Serving Bias The readiness to perceive the self as in almost any light which most people have

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