1. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles

2. Essential Question
What are the 4 basic structures of prokaryotic cells?
Compare/Contrast plant/animal cells
What are the functions of each of the organelles?

3. Cells Review Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only
be observed
under microscope

4. Cells Review Organisms may be: Unicellular – have only one cell
Multicellular-
have many cells

5. Introduction to Cells Basic types of cells: Animal Cell (eukaryote)
Plant Cell
(eukaryote)
Bacterial Cell
(prokaryote)

6. Cells Review Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Prokaryotes are bacteria- no nucleus or membrane-bound structures called organelles
Eukaryotes are most other cells- have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
EX-animals, plants, fungi…

7. Prokaryotes Review Have: Floating circular DNA (plasmids)
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Ribosomes

8. Eukaryotes Review Contain 3 basic cell structures: Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm with organelles

9. Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

10. Cell Review Lies inside cell wall in plant cells
All prokaryotic AND eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane
Separates inside from outside
Lies inside cell wall in plant cells
Made of protein and phospholipids
Allows things in and out of cell

11. Cell membrane Recall: also known as: Phospholipid bilayer
Fluid mosaic model
Lipid bilayer
Plasma membrane

12. Cell membrane
Selective permeability- chooses what goes in and out otherwise inside the cell would be the same as outside the cell

13. Cells Review All prokaryotic and eukaryotoic cells have Cytoplasm –
Cell “jelly”- houses organelles

14. Organelles Membrane-Bound organelles only found in Eukaryotes
Localize Chemical Reactions making the cell far more efficient
SMALL! Can only be observed under a microscope
Have specific jobs (functions)
Found throughout cytoplasm (open area with cell jelly)

15. “eukaryotic” means “true nucleus”
The Nucleus
“eukaryotic” means “true nucleus”
Contains & protects the cell’s DNA
Helps coordinate the division of cells
Chromosomes

16. Nucleus
Inside the nucleus:
Nucleolus
Genes
Chromosomes
Chromatin
DNA

17. Nucleus: Control of the cell
recall-DNA is the genetic information that controls the cell
DNA codes for proteins which are assembled by the ribosomes

18. Essential Question What is the function of the nucleus?
What type of cell are they found in?

19. Ribosomes Are NOT membrane-bound & also exist in prokaryotes
Are used to manufacture proteins
Granular in appearance
Often found on “rough” endoplasmic reticulum*

20. Essential Question What is the function of the ribosomes?
What type of cell are they found in?

21. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Are folds of membranes used to package & modify proteins made by ribosomes. They also make lipids
2 types
“Rough” - which is usually near nucleus and covered with ribosomes giving it its “rough” appearance. (Finishes proteins)
“Smooth” - which is usually away from the nucleus (produce lipids)

22. Essential Question What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
What type of cell are they found in?

23. Mitochondria (Cell Powerhouse)
Recall that enzymes are proteins
So the genetic information from the DNA that codes for the proteins that are assembled by the ribosomes also form the enzymes needed by the organelles
One of such organelles is the mitochondria

24. Mitochondria
Serves as the “powerhouse of the cell” by generating chemical energy
Has it’s own DNA*
Can divide on its own*
Site of aerobic respiration (ENERGY!!!!!)

25. Mitochondria Active cells like muscles have more mitochondria
Burn sugars to produce energy (ATP=ENERGY)
Remember: folded membranes increase surface area which increases energy production

26. Essential Question What is the function of the mitochondria?
What type of cell are they found in?

27. Golgi Bodies Are the post offices of the cell
Modify (address) proteins & lipids and send them in packages (vessicles) throughout (or out of) the cell.

28. Golgi Bodies
Notice the folds: helps with compartmentalization = increased efficiency
The lipids and proteins produced by the RER and SER are transported to the golgi body which packages, labels, and delivers the vesicle where is needs to go in or out of the cell

29. Essential Question
What is the function of the golgi body (golgi apparatus)?
What type of cell are they found in?

30. Lysosomes “stomach” of the cell- break down things in the cell
Small Vessicles which serve to digest particles and clean-up cells
Contain Lysozyme – a powerful digestive enzyme
Digests food particles
Destroys worn-out organelles
Self-Destructs worn-out cells

31. Essential Question What is the function of the lysosomes?
What type of cell are they found in?

32. Other Organelles Flagella Cilia
Whip-like motion- Tail-like projection in some prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells used for locomotion
Oar-like motion- Found in eukaryotic cells used for locomotion or to move fluid over the cell body

33. Essential Question What is the function of the flagella?
What is the function of the cilia?

34. Chloroplasts (Plant Cell Only)
Is the “cell’s farm” - meaning food is generated here.
Does this by photosynthesis - the conversion of CO2, H2O and sunlight into sugar
Contain Chlorophyll - a green pigment - which does this
Has it’s own DNA*
Can divide on its own*

35. Essential Question What is the function of the chloroplast?
What type of cell is it found in?

36. Cell Wall (plant cell only)
Provides support / protection and support for plant cell
Made of cellulose
Cell membrane is innermost layer

37. Essential Question What is the function of the cell wall?
What type of cell is it found in?

38. Vacuole- storage Plant cells Animal cell Large central vacuole
Tiny vacuoles
vacuole
vacuole

39. What is the function of the vacuole? What type of cell is it found in?
Essential Question
What is the function of the vacuole?
What type of cell is it found in?

40. Centriole- Animal Cell Only!!!
Near the nucleus
Paired structures
Help cell divide

41. Essential Question What is the function of the centriole?
What type of cell is it found in?

42. Similarities between plant and animal cells
Both have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm
Both have a nucleus
Both contain mitochondria

43. Differences between plant cells and animal cells
Relatively smaller in size
Relatively larger in size
Irregular (circular) shape
Regular (square) shape
No cell wall
Cell wall present

44. Differences between Plant Cells and Animal Cells
Vacuole small or absent
Large central vacuole
Glycogen (sugar) as food storage
Starch as food storage
No chloroplasts
Have chloroplasts

45. Essential Question
What are the 4 basic structures of prokaryotic cells?
Compare/Contrast plant/animal cells
What are the functions of each of the organelles?