1. Topic 5.3 Classification of biodiversity

2. Outline the binomial system of nomenclature
Devised by Carolus Linnaeus as a way of classifying organisms that were globally recognised
Demonstrate evolutionary relationships between organisms  allow for the prediction of features closely related organisms may share
Every organism is designated a scientific name with two parts:
Genus is written first and is capitalised (e.g. Homo)
Species follows and is written in lower case (e.g. Homo sapiens)
Some species may also have a sub-species designation (e.g. Homo sapiens sapiens)
Conventions:  When typing, the name is in italics; in hand writing, it is underlined 

3. List the seven levels in the hierarchy of taxa
When classifying living things, organisms grouped according to a series of hierarchical taxa
more similar their characteristics, the closer the grouping

4. Classification of Plants and Animals

5. Distinguish between phyla of plants using external recognition features

6. Distinguish between the phyla of animals using simple external recognition features: 

7. Apply and design a key for up to eight organisms
A dichotomous key is a method of identification
A group of organisms are sequentially divided into two categories until all are identified

8. Example of a dichotomous Key
1.  Organism is a plant Go to Q2
     Organism is not a plant (animal) Go to Q5
2.  Has no 'true' leaves or roots Bryophyta
     Has leaves and roots Go to Q3
3.  Has no seeds (sporangia) Filicinophyta
     Has seeds Go to Q4 
4.  Has no flowers Coniferophyta
     Has flowers Angiospermophyta
5.  Asymmetrical body plan Porifera
     Symmetrical body plan Go to Q6
6.  Has radial symmetry Cnidaria
     Has bilateral symmetry Go to Q7
7.  Has no anus Platyhelminthes
     Has an anus Go to Q8
8.  Has a segmented body Go to Q9
     Has no visible body segmentation Mollusca
9.  Have an exoskeleton Arthropoda
     Have no exoskeleton Annelida

9. Dichotomous Key as a Flowchart

10. Classification is always a work in progress
The tree of life shows our most current understanding
New discoveries can lead to changes in classification
Until 1866: only two kingdoms, Animalia and Plantae
1866: all single-celled organisms moved to kingdom Protista
Animalia
Plantae
Protista

11. 1938: prokaryotes moved to kingdom Monera
1959: fungi moved to own kingdom
1977: kingdom Monera split into kingdoms Bacteria and Archaea
Animalia
Plantae
Protista
Fungi
Monera
Archea
Bacteria

12. Domains are above the kingdom level.
The three domains in the tree of life are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
Domains are above the kingdom level.
Based on rRNA studies of prokaryotes
Domain model more clearly shows prokaryotic diversity

13. Domain Bacteria includes prokaryotes in the kingdom Bacteria
one of largest groups on Earth
classified by shape, need for oxygen, and diseases caused

14. differences discovered by studying RNA
Domain Archaea includes prokaryotes in the kingdom Archaea
cell walls chemically different from bacteria
differences discovered by studying RNA
known for living in extreme environments

15. Domain Eukarya includes all eukaryotes
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Animalia