1. Chapter 31, Lesson 2
CANCER

2. Tumors All cancers are tumors, but not all tumors are cancerous Benign
Abnormal cells
Less aggressive growth
Surrounded by membranes, prevents growth
Malignant
Not surrounded by membrane
Sometimes break away and enter lymph or blood vessels
Metastasis -- spreads

3. Causes of Cancer
Heredity
Environment
Carcinogen exposure
Lifestyle

4. Types of Cancer Classifications Carcinomas Sarcomas Lymphomas
Skin and linings of body organs
Sarcomas
Connective and supportive tissue
Lymphomas
Lymphatic system

5. Types of Cancer Skin Cancer Three types
Melanoma
unrepaired DNA damage to skin cells triggers mutations that lead the skin cells to multiply rapidly and form malignant tumors
Basal cell
abnormal, uncontrolled growths or lesions that arise in the skin’s basal cells, which line the deepest layer of the epidermis
Squamous cell
uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells arising in the squamous cells, which compose most of the skin’s upper layers
People fail to protect themselves

6. Types of Cancer Lung Cancer Oral Cancer Colon and Rectum Cancer
Smoking is greatest cause
Oral Cancer
Caused by smoking or chewing tobacco
Colon and Rectum Cancer
Third most common cancer
Slow to spread
Eating low-fat, high fiber diet reduces risk
Leukemia
Immature white blood cells multiply too quickly
Weakens immune system

7. Types of Cancer Reproductive Cancer Breast cancer (women) Ovarian
Tumors in the inner lining of milk ducts or the lobules
Ovarian
tumors arise from cells lining the ovary
Uterine
cells first develop in the lining of the uterus
Prostate (Men)
develops in prostate
Testicular
typically develops in one or both testicles in young men

8. Detecting Cancer Early detecting most critical
Most types detected through regular physical
Biopsy
Lab analysis of tissue sample
Ultrasound
Use of sounds waves to locate abnormal growths

9. Treating Cancer Surgery Radiation Chemotherapy
Removal of diseased bone or tissue
Transplanting healthy tissue
Radiation
Destroys tumor cells by damage to DNA
Chemotherapy
Anti-cancer medication
Destroy malignant cells
Interferes with cell division
Side effects

10. Homework