1. Do Now (Doc 2)
Describe THREE factors that make the Caribbean a great place to grow sugar.

2. Why is corn/maize revolutionary?

3. Indirect Discoverers of the New World
1,000 C.E.
Vikings “discover” America

5. Why no stay? No strong-nation state that wanted to expand
Settlements soon abandoned

6. Europeans focused on Asia/Africa

7. Chain of events leads to accidental “discovery” of America

8. Christian Crusaders 11th-14th centuries
Fighting Muslims for control of the Holy Land
Discover super cool new stuff while losing wars

10. Examples:
Silk
Drugs
Perfumes
Fabrics
Sugars
Spices

11. How do Europeans get these goods?
China, India, and Spice Islands (Indonesia)
Travel across Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea OR
Caravan routes
Ports on the eastern Mediterranean

13. middlemen

14. Marco? . . . Polo! Italian adventurer returns to Europe in 1295
20 years in China
Stimulated desires

15. Portuguese Technological Advances
Caravel
Africa and winds
Moral of the story= sub-Saharan Africa accessible

16. Access to Sub-Saharan Africa
Gold!
Slaves
Portuguese develop trading ports

17. Slave Trade Africans and Arab “flesh merchants”
Portuguese developed same practices

18. Why slaves? Sugar plantations
40,000 Africans transported from
Origins of modern plantation system

19. Other Portuguese Discoveries
Dias
De Gama
Stimulated desires

20. Unification of Spain Ferdinand of Aragon m. Isabella of Castille
Expulsion of Moors (Muslims) from Spain
Sudden burst of nationalism
Portuguese going west, Spain goes east

21. Renaissance
“Ambitious spirit of optimism and adventure”

22. Printing Press
Spreads info

23. Stage is set . . .
“Europeans clamored for more and cheaper products from the lands beyond the Mediterranean. Africa had been established as a source of cheap slave labor for plantation agriculture. The Portuguese voyages had demonstrated the feasibility of long-range ocean navigation. In Spain a modern nation-state was taking shape, with the unity, wealth, and power to shoulder the formidable tasks of discovery, conquest, and colonization . . .

24. Columbus story

25. 6 degrees of separation
Six degrees of separation is the theory that everyone and everything is six or fewer steps away, by way of introduction, from any other person in the world, so that a chain of "a friend of a friend" statements can be made to connect any two people in a maximum of six steps. It was originally set out by Frigyes Karinthy and popularized by a play written by John Guare.