1. What other complications in inheritance patterns?
Beyond Mendel
What other complications in inheritance patterns?

2. What do we mean by continuous and discontinuous variation?

3. Examples Continous Discontinous Height Skin colour Eye color Ear lobes
Tongue rolling
Gender
Pea seed shape

4. How does variation happen?
Pleiotropic – a condition when a single gene simultaneously affects many traits …..“one gene – many traits” e.g. Marfan syndrome
Polygenic – a phenotypic trait depends on the additive effect of a number of different genes…. “many genes – one trait” e.g. skin color & height
Epistatic – genes that interfere with the expression of other genes e.g. lab coat colour

5. What about environment
Environmental conditions can affect the phenotype…..
E.g. fruit flies wings shape and temperature
E.g. leave shapes of buttercups under and above water
What is epigenetics????