1. Kingdom Protista

2. Diversity
Dumping ground for organisms we don’t know what to do with

3. Protists
Only common characteristic is all have eukaryotic cells

4. Classification Based on how they eat Animal-like Plant-like
Fungus-like

5. Animal-like Protists

6. Protozoans – animal-like protists
Heterotrophic
Single-celled

7. Classified Based on how they move Sarcodinians Zooflagellates
Ciliophorans
Sporozoans

8. Sarcodinians
“terrible flesh” – move by causing cytoplasm to flow

9. Example
Ameba

10. Ameba Structure

11. Cell membrane
Very thin and flexible, no cell wall (too stiff)

12. Endo and Ectoplasm
Cytoplasm divided into 2 distinct layers

13. Pseudopodia
“false foot,” extensions of an ameba formed as they move

14. Amoeba movement

15. Nucleus
Controls cell’s activity

16. Food Vacuoles
Stores food that has been engulfed

17. Contractile Vacuoles
Pumps water out to keep cell from bursting from osmosis

18. Amoeba feeding

19. Sensitive to…
Temperature, touch, light, chemicals

20. Reproduction
Asexually through binary fission

22. Pathogenic
Some amebas are parasites in intestines, cause amebic dysentery from contaminated water

23. Sarcodinians
Zooflagellates
Ciliophorans
Sporozoans

24. Zooflagellates
“animal whips,” move by flagella

25. Example
Astasia

26. Astasia Structure

27. Pellicle
Thicker, semi flexible cell membrane, retains its shape

28. Flagella
Whip like tail that pulls the cell

29. Gullet and Reservoir
Take in food

30. Food Vacuole
Stores food until digested

31. Contractile Vacuole
Pumps out excess water

32. Eyespot
Detects light but can’t see shapes and images

33. Pathogenic
Transmitted by tsetse flies, causes African Sleeping Sickness

34. Symbiotic
Digests cellulose in termites, release nutrients

35. Sarcodinians
Zooflagellates
Ciliophorans
Sporozoans

36. Ciliophorans
“hair bearing,” move by beating short hair-like cilia

37. Example
Paramecium

38. Paramecium Structure

39. Cilia
Hair-like structures for movement, usually shorter and more numerous than flagella

40. Cilia and contractile vacuole

41. Trichocysts
Defense structures

42. Trichocysts stun passing prey

43. Oral Groove and Gullet
Take in food

44. Macro and micro nuclei
Control cell function; small one involved in reproduction

45. Reproduction Asexually – binary fission
Sexually – conjugation – exchange genetic material (micronucleus) between two paramecia

46. Pathogenic
Rarely parasites because they move well to find food

47. Sarcodinians
Zooflagellates
Ciliophorans
Sporozoans

48. Sporozoans
“seed animal,” cannot move by themselves, parasitic

49. Example
Plasmodium

50. Pathogenic
Transmitted by mosquitoes, causes Malaria

51. Plasmodium life cycle

52. Review
Sarcodinians
Zooflagellates
Ciliophorans
Sporozoans

53. Plant-like Protists

54. Algae – plant-like protists
Autotrophic
Photosynthesis

55. Classified
Based on cell number
Unicellular
Multicelluar

56. Unicellular Algae
Dinoflagellates
Diatoms
Euglenoids

57. Dinoflagellates Two flagella for movement Most live in saltwater
Cell wall of cellulose plates

58. Red Tide
Sudden multiplying of dinoflagellates – release toxic chemicals
Affects nervous system of humans and some fish

59. Diatoms Secrete substances for movement Most live in saltwater
Cell wall of silica (glass)

61. Euglenoids One flagellum for movement Most live in freshwater
Have no rigid cell wall

62. Shared characteristics
both protozoa and algae traits

63. Protozoa – no cell wall, flagella
Algae – photosynthesis (when needed)

64. Review Unicellular Algae
Dinoflagellates
Diatoms
Euglenoids

65. Multicellular Algae
Green Algae
Red Algae
Brown Algae

66. Green Algae Live in freshwater or moist soil
Chlorophyll pigment for photosynthesis

67. Green Algae

68. Red Algae
Live in warm saltwater
Accessory pigments for photosynthesis

69. Red Algae

70. Brown Algae Live in cool saltwater
Have specialized parts (air bladders)
Sea weed and kelps

71. Brown Algae

72. Review Multicellular Algae
Green Algae
Red Algae
Brown Algae

73. Fungus-like Protists

74. Mold – fungus-like protists
Decomposers
Live in moist places

75. Plasmodial Slime Molds
Classified
Plasmodial Slime Molds
Cellular Slime Molds
Water Molds

76. Plasmodial Slime Molds
Plasmodium – feeding stage, grow large, favorable conditions

77. Slime Molds

78. Plasmodial Slime Molds
Fruiting body – releases dormant spores, unfavorable conditions

79. Life Cycle

80. Cellular Slime Molds
Feeding stage – small single cells that move

81. Cellular Slime Molds
Pseudoplasmodium – clumps of haploid cells that each produce a fruiting body

82. Water Molds
Decomposers in freshwater ecosystems