1. Psychology Presentation By: Juliene Duran Paez
Chapter Conditioning & Learning: Reinforcement and Punishment in Detail
Psychology Presentation
By: Juliene Duran Paez

3. Content (Survey Questions)
30.1 Are there different types of operant reinforcement? (P. 251)
30.2 How are we influenced by patterns of reward? (P. 254)
30.3 What does punishment do to behavior? (P. 256)

4. Reward

5. Different Types of Reinforcement (1)
Primary Reinforces:
Non-learned Reinforces; usually those that satisfy psychological needs.
Obvious examples: Food, Water & Sex
Less obvious examples: Psychoactive drugs (heroin, cocaine or alcohol), Intracranial Self-stimulation (“Pleasure centers”)
Intracranial Self-stimulation example: “Tickling Your Own Fancy” (P. 252, Figure 30.1)

6. Different Types Reinforcement (2)
Secondary Reinforces:
Learned Reinforces; often one that gains reinforcing properties by association with a primary reinforcer.
Example: Money, Praise, Attention, Approval, Affection & Grades
Token reinforcer: A tangible secondary reinforcer such as money, gold stars, poker chips (“Chimps example”).
Token economies: Systems for managing and altering behavior through reinforcement of selected responses
Social reinforcer: Reinforcement based on receiving attention, approval, or affection from another person (“Shaping a Teacher”, P. 253)

7. Patterns of Reward From Continuous Reinforcement Partial Reinforcement
Schedules of Partial Reinforcement: Rules or plans for determining which responses will be reinforced (rewarded)
The 4 most basic Partial Reinforcement: Fixed Ratio, Variable Ratio, Fixed Interval and Variable Interval
Effect on extinction
Example: The rat in the skinner box

8. Punishment

9. Punishment & Behavior
Punishment: Any event that follows a response and decreases Its likelihood of occurring again; process of suppressing a response.
It lowers the probability that an undesired response occurs again
Punisher: Any consequence that reduces the frequency of a target behavior (“Reprimanded” example)
Punishments effectiveness: depends on timing, consistency and intensity
Negative & Positive Punishment (Mild and Severe punishment)
Downside (negative aspects) of Punishment: Aversive, Escape Learning, Avoidance Learning and Aggression

10. Using Punishment Wisely
Reinforcement strengthens responses
Non-reinforcement causes responses to extinguish
Punishment Suppresses responses

11. Tips to avoid failing Avoid harsh punishment
Use the minimum punishment necessary to suppress misbehavior
Apply punishment during, or immediately after; misbehavior
Be consistent (to be clear about what you regard as misbehavior)
Use counterconditioning
Expect anger from a punished person
Punish with kindness and respect

12. Thank you Questions?