1. Introduction to Matter
Physical Science
Unit 2 Review
Introduction to Matter

2. What is Matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space.

3. What are Physical Properties?
Characteristics that can be observed without changing into a new substance
examples- hardness, texture, color, state of matter, ability to dissolve, luster, ability to conduct heat or electricity, malleability, ductility

4. What are Chemical Properties?
Characteristic that describes its ability to change into a new and different substance
examples- burning or flammability, ability to rust, corrosion, baking

5. What are Elements? A pure substance that cannot be broken down
The simplest substances

6. What are Compounds? 2 or more elements chemically combined
Properties are different from the uncombined elements
Written with a chemical formula
set ratio
Examples: H20, Co2

7. What are Mixtures? 2 or more substances NOT chemically combined
can be separated
not combined in a set ratio

8. How can Mixtures be Separated?
1. Using a magnet
2. Filtering the mixture
3. Distilling a liquid solution
4. Evaporation

9. What is a Heterogeneous Mixture?
can see the different parts
not evenly mixed
examples- soil, salad, pizza, trail mix,

10. What is a Homogeneous Mixture?
cannot see the different parts
evenly mixed
example- salt water, air, brass

11. What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?
Matter is not created or destroyed in any chemical or physical change

12. What are characteristics of Solids?
definite shape and a definite volume
particles are fixed
tightly packed
arranged in a regular, repeating pattern

13. What are characteristics of Liquids?
definite volume, but no definite shape
particles are free to move or flow

14. What are characteristics of Gases?
no definite volume, no definite shape
particles spread apart to fill the available space

15. What is Melting? change in state from a solid to a liquid,
0 degrees celsius
Particles gain enough energy to break free of the regular pattern

16. What is freezing? change of state from a liquid to a solid
0 degrees celsius
Particles lose energy, slow down and form a regular pattern

17. What is vaporization? change from a liquid to a gas
particles gain enough energy to form a gas

18. What is evaporation?
vaporization only at the surface of a liquid

19. What is boiling?
vaporization below the surface as well as at the surface of the liquid

20. What is condensation? change from a gas to a liquid
opposite of vaporization

21. What is sublimation? change directly from a solid to a gas
never becoming a liquid
example- dry ice

22. What is volume?
amount of space occupied by an object
mL, cm3

23. What is temperature?
measure of the average energy of random motion of the particles of a substance
Degrees celsius

24. What is pressure? force / area N/m2
outward push of a gas divided by the area of the walls of the container

25. What is Boyle’s Law?
When pressure of a gas is increased, volume decreases
inverse relationship (curved line )
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26. What is Charles’ Law
When temperature of a gas is increased, its volume increases
direct relationship (straight line)
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