1. 1. What is a direct measurement? What is an indirect measurement?
Start-up #12
1. What is a direct measurement? What is an indirect measurement?
2. How are mass and weight different?
3. What is matter?

2. Suppose you have an empty beaker with a mass of 5. 22g
Suppose you have an empty beaker with a mass of 5.22g. You add 20mL of water to the beaker, and the mass now reads 17.4g. What is the mass of the water in the beaker?

3. So, matter is anything that has a mass and takes up space
So, matter is anything that has a mass and takes up space. What does takes up space mean?
Volume = the measure of the amount of space occupied by matter
measured in cubic meters (cm3), litres (L) or millilitres (mL)
Some times volume is referred to as capacity
Capacity is the volume or amount of space inside an object (e.g., a container).
There are different ways to measure volume depending on the type of substance your measuring:
Measuring the volume of liquids (DIRECT Measurements):
We always measure volume in graduated cylinders
after measuring volume accurately in a graduated cylinder the liquid can be transferred to other laboratory containers
we always measure the volume of a liquid at the bottom center of the concave area in the liquid known as the MENISCUS

4. Measuring Volume Lab
Pour a small amount of liquid into your graduated cylinder
At EYE LEVEL, measure the volume of the liquid, FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE MENISCUS

5. Volume: direct measurement
Measuring the volume of perfectly rectangular solids (DIRECT Measurements):
Formula: L x W x H (you probably know this from math class)
We read this formula “length times width times height “
Units of Volume for Solids
cubic meter (m3) for large objects (ex. a room, house, school, etc.)
cubic centimeter (cm3) for smaller items (ex. a box, crate, book, desk, etc.)

7. Measuring the volume of small irregular solids (INDIRECT Measurements):  
Directions for calculating water DISPLACEMENT
partially fill a graduated cylinder with water
read the volume and record as initial volume (VI)
carefully place the irregularly shaped item into the water
read the volume and record as finial volume (VF)
calculate the amount of water displaced by the following equation:
V H2O final – V H2O initiaL = V H2O displaced
Directions for calculating the volume of an irregular solid
the water displacement will have units of mL
the solid object however must have units of cm3
use the following conversion to find volume for the irregular solid:
1mL = 1cm3 because the conversion is 1:1 all you have to do is replace the mL with cm3
Volume H2O displaced (mL) = V Irregular Object (cm3)
In other words—JUST CHANGE THE UNITS!!!!

8. Indirect measuring Lab