1. Cell Reproduction Notes
Mitosis: process of cell ______________ that forms 2 new ____________ , each with the same # of ______________
Gene: segment of nucleic acid that _______for a unit of ______or protein
Chromosome: eu- in ___________, made of DNA and protein; pro- main ______________ of DNA
Chromatin: makes up euk. ______________
Histone: ______________ found in euk. chromosomes; responsible for 1st level of packaging DNA
Nucleosome: euk. unit of ______________ , made of DNA wrapped around core of ______________
Chromatid: strands of a ______________ that are visible during mitosis or meiosis
Centromere: region of chromosome that holds sister ______________ together during ______________
A. Why cells reproduce
1. To help ______________ & organs grow
2. To keep body ______________
Cells grow ______________ by building cell ______________
Cells must produce more ______________ to maintain ______________ .
When cells get too large, they cannot support themselves (______________ ).
The “______________ ” cell has a higher surface ______________ ratio than its ______________ does.

2. B.Chromosomes
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Single _________ strand of _____
Forms ________ by
repeated twisting/winding on itself
Much more DNA (more _____ )
DNA wraps around proteins (_____ )  _____  _____ coils  _____  chromatin coils  _____  collectively called chromosome; sister chromatids held together by a _____
C. Preparing for division Cell theory: “All cells come from other cells”
Each new cell = “_____ cell” must have everything needed to live
PROKARYOTE
1. DNA is _____ .
2. Cell _____ forms between 2 _____ .
3. Cell grows and cell _____ forms around new _____ .
4. Cell is constricted in _____ until cells are pinched in the middle to form new daughter _____
EUKARYOTE
1. More _____ are _____
2. _____ is copied, sorted, _____
3. Special _____ which helps cell divide are made
4. Steps 1-3 are called _____

3. _____, _____ , _____ _____, _____ _____ II. Mitosis
Cell _____ ~ Repeating _____ of cell _____ & division
2 Parts:
1.Interphase (3 phases)
_____, _____ , _____
2.Cell division (2 phases)
_____, _____
b. Cellular Growth
Three phases of cell cycle
1st phase G1 ~ cell _____ , builds more _____
2nd phase S ~ DNA is _____ , sister _____ (attached at _____ )
3rd phase G2 ~ _____ of specialized _____ to help w/ _____ = _____ called spindle fibers
c. Cell Division Divison
phases of cell cycle
4th phase: Mitosis ~ process of cell _____ into 2 daughter _____
Consists of 4 stages:
_____

4. d. Stages of Mitosis
Stage 1: Prophase
INSIDE NUCLEUS
~ chromosomes _____ and become _____
~ nuclear _____ breaks down, _____
OUTSIDE NUCLEUS
~ _____ (remember these? Hollow tubes?)  make up _____ fibers  spindle
~ _____ helps assemble spindle
9 triplets of _____ (remember these? Just mentioned them a few sentences above)  _____  pair of centrioles  _____
** _____ & _____ move to opposite _____ , each side of _____ of cell (equatorial line)**
Stage 2: _M_etaphase ~ _____ line up in _____
Stage 3: _A naphase ~ _____ pulled _____ to poles
Stage 4: _T_elophase ~ _____ new cells are _____

5. _____ cells grow and form a mass = _____ _____ tumor ~ does not spread
e. Cytokinesis
Cell _____ grows into center of cell & _____ it into 2 _____ cells of equal size (half size of _____ cell)
                                      
*Cell walls ~ _____ with cell _____ material line up and _____ to create wall
*Cell _____ forms and divides plant cells in two
Regulation of cell reproduction
Controls
2 _____
_____ signals
_____ factors
Cancer ~ disease caused by uncontrolled _____ of _____ cells
_____ cells grow and form a mass = _____
_____ tumor ~ does not spread
_____ tumor ~ spreads
Treatment
_____ ~ using drugs/prescriptions
_____
_____ therapy ~ high-energy rays destroy cells
Avoid
Too much _____