1. CASHLESS MONEY TRANSFER FOR HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTIONS

2. 2007-2008 POST ELECTION CONCLICT 600,000 IDPs * 300 camps

3. 2007-2008 POST ELECTION CONCLICT Banks shutdown ATMs run out of money MPESA float had run diminished – 1 st 3 days of conflict Airtime run out High risk to carry cash around (NGOs personnel) Cash from Work for Assets misused by beneficiaries

4. Kenya Floods 2010 30,000 IDPs Marooning

5. Lessons Learned Use of cash at camp or village level during the emergency phase is; Risky Inefficient

6. Our Engineered System Village NFC shops NFC cards for purchase of allowed goods Direct pre-loading of beneficiaries accounts Respects peoples choices and empowers communities in Cash backed system