1. Latin American history
Part 2

2. I. In 2014, many leaders are Socialist
Hugo Chavez: Venezuela
President
Nationalized oil companies
Price controls
Communes + nationalized farms
Dilma Rousseff: Brazil
Rafael Correa: Ecuador
Evo Morales: Bolivia
Daniel Ortega: Nicaragua
Cristina Kitchner: Argentina

3. II. Why are so many leaders Marxist?
Marx says , “all history is the history of class struggle.”
i.e. it’s all about rich versus poor
Marx calls the rich the bourgeoisie and the poor the proletariat
Latin America has always had strict social hierarchies
A few rich people control most of the wealth
Often there is racial element

4. III. Freedom from Spain
All of Latin America was a colony of Spain (except for Brazil and a few Caribbean colonies)
Simón Bolívar leads armies to overthrow Spain from
Known as el Libertador.
Won independence for Bolivia, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
Admired the American and French Revolutions.
Was a dictator, like Napoleon.

6. Encomienda system (1521-1821) Encomienda system:
 each Spanish person was given a certain number of natives for whom they were responsible
Peninsulares (Spanish)
Criollos (Creoles)
Mestizos (half-Indian)
Indians

7. After independence (1810-1920)
Cirollos (Creoles)
Mestizos (half-Indians)
Indians

8. Contemporary (1920-now)
Upper class
Middle class
Lower class

9. IV. United States’ intervention
Monroe Doctrine (1823): US promises to be involved in Latin America.
Fought the Mexican-American War (1840s) and the Spanish-American- Cuban-Filipino War (early 1900s)
Between sent troops to
Nicaragua
El Salvador
Haiti
Cuba
Panama
Dominican Republic
During the Cold War (1960s and 1970s) the CIA backs coups and dictators