1. South Africa The system of apartheid **
National Resistance to apartheid**
Repression and Control by South African governments**
End of apartheid
** = complete

2. Political, economic and social factors:
Politically: The ANC, PAC AND UDF (United Democratic Front) were still protesting
Economically: Poverty was on the rise, education and housing were of a third world standard
Socially: The State of Emergency was making things unsafe for ALL South Africans.

3. UDF
United Democratic Party formed in 1983, bringing ALL resistance groups together.
By 1985 – 2 million members!

4. International Factors that ended apartheid
Economic sanctions had driven the country into recession
Free Mandela Campaign made the anti apartheid movement popular overseas
Sporting sanctions isolated South Africa
Severe international criticism embarrassed SA
Military and technical equipment embargos isolated SA
Other African nations isolated SA

5. Free Nelson Mandela
The Campaign:
Song: The Specials – released in 1984
The Concert:

14. The End! 1989 P.W. Botha resigned as President of South Africa
F.W. De Klerk new President
2 February 1990 – opened parliament and began dismantling apartheid
He lifted political ban and freed political prisoners

15. South Africa nearly slid into civil war.
A Convention for Democratic South Africa was formed so the National Party and ANC could work together.

16. National Party problems:
Traditional rulers wanted to hold onto power for as long as possible
Right wing extremists wanted to assassinate Nelson Mandela
White extremists were violently protesting the CODESSA

17. ANC problems They wanted “one man, one vote” immediately
Other anti apartheid groups such as the Inkatha wouldn’t co-operate with the National Party
Savage violence between ANC and Inkatha

18. Election!
27th April 1994 – The ANC won the election, Nelson Mandela became the President of South Africa and Klerk the Deputy President