1. Rethinking U.S. Foreign Policy: Bush vs. Obama
“Cowboy Diplomacy”or the only alternative in a dangerous world?

2. What Causes Foreign Policy?
The anarchy of the international system – Realism
Economic interests of states – Marxism/Mercantilism
Form of government of states – Institutionalism/Neo liberal theory
Liberal internationalism/complex interdependence – Neo Liberal theory
“Cognitive Map of leaders – Great Man Theory
Shared Ideals/Values of states – Constructivism
Compromise among competing agencies – Bureaucratic Politics

3. Foreign Policy and Presidential Approval

4. Disapproval of US Foreign Policy
In % of global citizens thought US presence in the Middle East provoked more conflict than it prevented
Only 34% of Americans approved of the situation in Iraq, compared with only 20% globally

5. Unilateralism v. Multilateralism
Isolationism before 9/11
ICC
Kyoto Protocol
Land Mines Treaty
Invasion of Iraq
Sanctions on Sudan
Afghanistan
North Korean Nuclear Weapons
Iran’s nuclear program

6. Preventive War The case against Saddam Hussein
Preventive war v. preemptive strikes
Just war doctrine
Deterrence against non-state actors
Nuclear weapons and rogue states

7. Exporting Democracy Can be imported, but not exported
Exported at the point of a gun?
Germany and Japan
Grenada and Panama
Democracy v. development
Democracy v. civil society
US Democracy

8. Is It The Best American Product?
Exporting Democracy
Is It The Best American Product?

9. Three Waves of Democracy
Samuel Huntington identified three waves in the spread of democracy in the World.
Early 19th century extension of the franchise thru the new democracies of the 20th century – 29 Democracies. Reversal to 22 began with rise of Mussolini

10. Three Waves of Democracy
2. After the allied victory in World War II. The number of democracies rose to 36 free nations. By the mid-70s there was a reversal back to 30.
3. The Third Wave began in the 80s with 30 new democracies, 15 new free states in the 90s and 10 new democracies in the 00s. (85 total)
Are we going to begin a reversal or it is the “End of History?”

11. The Third Wave of Democracy

12. The Third Wave of Democracy

13. The End of the Third Wave
Democracy Faltering in Latin America
Democracy’s Demise in Putin’s Russia
The failure of democracy to take hold in the new states of the former Soviet Union
Retrenchment in Sub-Saharan Africa

14. Democratic Peace Theory

15. Idealism v. Realism American Ideals v. American Interests
Woodrow Wilson and a U.S. foreign policy based upon moral imperatives
Fourteen Points
League of Nations
FDR’s support for self determination
Jimmy Carter’s human rights foreign policy
The overthrow of the Shah of Iran
The defeat of the Somoza Regime in Nicaragua
Carter’s inconsistencies

16. Idealism v. Realism Truman’s Containment
Eisenhower’s support for Latin American dictators & failure to support Hungarian dissidents
Reagan’s support for the Nicaraguan “Contras”
Bush 41 discourages democracy in the new states of the former USSR

17. President Bush’s Plan to Export Democracy
American Exceptionalism and the UniPolar moment
The power of Western liberal democracy and capitalism
The lack of freedom and opportunity in the Middle East is the cause of 9/11 (Majority of hijackers were Saudis)

18. The Bush Plan: The Good News
Elections in Iraq
Elections in Afghanistan
The “Orange Revolution” in the Ukraine
Success in Lebanon
Reform In Egypt
Revolution in Kyrgzstan
Funding for democracy

19. The Critics

20. The Critics
Democracy can’t be spread at the point of a gun. Economic development, stability, the rule of law and growth of civil society must precede democracy
We are not safer. The Bush policy brings more recruits to Jihad and increases the threat of Terrorism
Where is the support for democracy in China, Saudi Arabia or Pakistan?
The bad role model: Abu Ghraib, military tribunals and Guantanamo
Iraq & Afghanistan are unlikely to become real democracies

21. Is Democracy Appropriate?
Cultural Imperialism
The U.S. Constitution in the Philippines
Women’s Rights
Elections do not a democracy make.
Does the “bottom up” approach really seem to work best?

22. Origins of Obama’s Foreign Policy
Advisors vs. Cabinet Appointments
The War in Vietnam & the Democratic Party
Joe Biden
The War in Iraq

23. Obama’s Foreign Policy Report Card
Image in the Muslim World
Wars in Iraq & Afghanistan
GWOT - UBL
Middle East Peace
Arab Spring
WMD in Iran
Russia “Reset”
Asia “Pivot”