1. Reconstruction

11. Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson
Reconstruction was the process of rebuilding the South after the Civil War.
After the war, Abraham Lincoln began the process of Reconstruction. His plan was known as the Proclamation of Reconstruction and Amnesty.
After Lincoln’s assassination, Andrew Johnson became president, and he continued Lincoln’s plan.

12. Lincoln and Johnson’s Plan:
Under their plan, Southern states could rejoin the Union if:
10% of the state’s population took an oath of loyalty to the U.S.
Wrote new constitutions
Ratified the 13th Amendment, which abolished slavery

13. A New Governor for NC
In May 1865, Johnson appointed W. W. Holden as a temporary governor of NC until it was admitted back into the Union.
Holden had many enemies—it was said that he changed his mind so many times, no one knew where he stood on any issue.
WHAT MODERN-DAY POLITITIAN DOES THIS SOUND LIKE?
Holden did, however, call a convention in Raleigh that met all of the requirements for NC to be readmitted to the Union.

14. Aid to the South
The Freedmen’s Bureau was established to help the South recover. It’s goal was to
Supply food, medicine, and other emergency aid to white and black southerners.
Educate black southerners.

15. New Amendments to the U. S. Constitution:
13th Amendment – Outlawed slavery in the US
14th Amendment – Guaranteed citizenship to African Americans
15th Amendment – Gave African Americans the right to vote.

16. Southerners Protest Reconstruction

17. Black Codes
Black Codes were laws passed by Southern states to limit the freedom of former slaves.
“Jim Crow” laws are what the black codes are better known as.
The name “Jim Crow” goes back to minstrel shows in the mid 1800s. White performers would paint themselves black and dance around wildly to make fun of black people.

18. Examples of Black Codes (“Jim Crow”)
Grandfather Clause – allowed people to vote only if their grandfather had voted before the Civil War
Poll Tax – required black people to pay a tax to vote.
Literacy Test – required black people to pass a written test (sometimes in another language) to vote.

19. More Black Codes African Americans could not: African Americans could:
Own guns
Meet after sunset
African Americans could:
Be put in prison if they had no jobs
Hold no other job than a servant or farmer

20. Black Codes: Examples
Whenever it was required of them they must present licenses (in a town from the mayor; elsewhere from a member of the board of police of the beat) citing their places of residence and authorizing them to work.
It was made a misdemeanor, punishable with fine or imprisonment, to persuade a freedman to leave his employer, or to feed the runaway.
Vagrants were to be fined heavily, and if they could not pay the sum, they were to be hired out to service until the claim was satisfied.
Negroes might not carry knives or firearms unless they were licensed so to do.
It was an offence, to be punished by a fine of $50 and imprisonment for thirty days, to give or sell intoxicating liquors to a negro.
When negroes could not pay the fines and costs after legal proceedings, they were to be hired at public outcry by the sheriff to the lowest bidder...."
"In South Carolina persons of color contracting for service were to be known as "servants," and those with whom they contracted, as "masters." On farms the hours of labor would be from sunrise to sunset daily, except on Sunday. The negroes were to get out of bed at dawn. Time lost would be deducted from their wages, as would be the cost of food, nursing, etc., during absence from sickness. Absentees on Sunday must return to the plantation by sunset. House servants were to be at call at all hours of the day and night on all days of the week. They must be "especially civil and polite to their masters, their masters' families and guests," and they in return would receive "gentle and kind treatment." Corporal and other punishment was to be administered only upon order of the district judge or other civil magistrate. A vagrant law of some severity was enacted to keep the negroes from roaming the roads and living the lives of beggars and thieves."

21. Congress in Control
Many Republicans in Congress did not approve of Johnson’s plan of Reconstruction because it was not harsh enough on the former Confederate States.
Congress took over Reconstruction and began passing many new laws to punish the South.
The South was divided into districts and Southern states were technically ruled by the military until they were admitted back into the Union.

22. Military Districts in the South during Reconstruction

23. Johnson Impeached
In February 1868, Congress voted to impeach Johnson, which is to charge a public official with a crime
This was because Johnson, a former North Carolinian, was sympathetic to the South. He vetoed and even ignored some laws passed by Congress.
Ulysses S. Grant was elected president after Johnson’s term.
What more recent president has been impeached???

24. Reconstruction in the South

25. Two Insulting Names:
Carpetbaggers – Northerners who came down south after the Civil War
Scalawags – Southerners who aided with Reconstruction (considered “traitors”)

26. Ku Klux Klan Many Southerners did not like Reconstruction.
Many ex-Confederate soldiers were angry that they had no voice in government, but black people did.
In 1866, a secret society was formed known as the Klu Klux Klan.
The goal of this organization was to use fear and intimidation to give white southerners more power.
NOTE: The first KKK was mostly political, not just racial.

27. The End of Reconstruction
In 1877, Rutherford B. Hayes withdrew the army from the South, officially ending Reconstruction.
QUESTIONS:
Was that the end???
Do we still deal with the same issues today???
Which ones???