1. WAVES

2. Transverse Wave

4. Longitudinal Wave

6. Water Surface Wave

7. Rayleigh Surface Wave

9. Node and Antinode

10. Single Antinode Wave

12. Double Antinode Wave

14. Triple Antinode Wave

18. The number of waves that
FREQUENCY
The number of waves that
Pass a point in a time
Interval.
1Hz = 1wave/1sec
Hertz

19. The time interval for one
PERIOD
The time interval for one
Wavelength of a wave.
T = period
seconds

20. EXAMPLES
What is the frequency of a wave that has a wavelength of 2m and is travelling at 200m/s?
What is the wavelength of a wave that is travelling at 3x108m/s and has a frequency of 107,300,000Hz?
What is the velocity of a wave that has a frequency of 0.5Hz and a wavelength of 4m?

21. Wave Reflection
at Boundaries

22. Fixed End Reflection
Incident Pulse
Reflected Pulse

24. Free End Reflection
Incident Pulse
Reflected Pulse

26. Transmitted Pulses
Density of Medium

29. Comparisons between the characteristics of the transmitted pulse and the reflected pulse lead to the following observations.
the transmitted pulse (in the less dense medium) is traveling faster than the reflected pulse (in the more dense medium)
the transmitted pulse (in the less dense medium) has a larger wavelength than the reflected pulse (in the more dense medium)
the speed and the wavelength of the reflected pulse are the same as the speed and the wavelength of the incident pulse

30. the wave speed is always greatest in the least dense medium,
the wavelength is always greatest in the least dense medium,
the frequency of a wave is not altered by crossing a boundary,
the reflected pulse becomes inverted when a wave in a less dense medium is heading towards a boundary with a more dense medium,
The amplitude of the incident pulse is always greater than the amplitude of the reflected pulse.

31. Wave Interference

34. Waves combine to amplify each other.
CONSTRUCTIVE
Waves combine to amplify each other.
DESTRUCTIVE
Waves combine to cancel each other.

38. The difference between two frequencies is the ‘beat’ frequency
BEATS AND BEAT FREQUENCIES
The difference between two frequencies is the ‘beat’ frequency

40. RESONANCE
A standing wave can be amplified by using a tube of a certain length, according to the wavelength of the wave.