1. The integumentary system - clinical

2. Burns

3. Burns - identification
NAME
DEFINITION
APPEARANCE
1st Degree
Only affects the epidermis (a sunburn would fall in this category)
Redness and pain
2nd Degree
Affects the epidermis and dermis
Redness, pain, swelling, possibly blisters, and may look wet or moist
3rd Degree
Reaches the subcutaneous layer
Stiff, waxy white, leathery or tan; possible numbness (due to nerve damage)
4th Degree
Affects structures beyond the skin (muscle & bone)
blackened or charred; may feel no pain (due to substantial nerve damage)
Burns - identification

4. 1st degree & small 2nd degree: 1. Flood the area with cool tap water 2
1st degree & small 2nd degree: 1. Flood the area with cool tap water 2. Aloe 3. Burn creams
Burns - treatments

5. Severe burns: 1. Sterile covering 2. IV fluids 3. Pain relievers (ex
Severe burns: 1. Sterile covering 2. IV fluids 3. Pain relievers (ex. Morphine – exp. when changing coverings) 4. Antibiotics 5. Surgical (breathing assistance, skin graphs, reconstruction)
Burns - treatments

6. bedsores

7. Occurs in the portion of skin that has been pressed against a hard object (bone) for an extended period of time so that the area has been deprived of blood supply
bedsores

8. bedsores

9. 1. Rotating body about every 2 hours
1. Rotating body about every 2 hours. (Changes pressure point locations)
Bedsores - treatment

10. psoriasis

11. 1. Possible autoimmune disorder. (increased activity of T cells)
2. Life cycle of skin cells occurs too quickly. (days instead of weeks)
3. Cells build up rapidly on the surface
of the skin. (dead skin & WBC don’t slough off quickly enough)
4. Forms thick, silvery scales and itchy,
dry, red patches that are sometimes
painful. (may be localized or cover large areas)
Psoriasis

12. Psoriasis - treatments
1. Topical treatments a. corticosteroids (anti-inflammatory to suppress the immune system) 2. Phototherapy a. natural ultraviolet light (activated T cells are destroyed; intense exposure will cause skin damage) b. artificial UV light (controlled doses of UV light on specific areas of the body) 3. Internal medications (severe side effects – only used briefly and alternated with other therapies)
Psoriasis - treatments

13. seborrhea

14. Hyperactivity of the sebaceous glands, causing greasy skin and dandruff (possibly due to a yeast infection or autoimmune disorder)
seborrhea

15. Seborrhea - treatments
1. Creams / Ointments (corticosteroids) 2. Shampoos (over-the-counter dandruff shampoos / antifungal prescription)
Seborrhea - treatments

16. Fungal infections

17. 1. Ringworm a. Tinea corporis – body b. Tinea pedis – foot c
1. Ringworm a. Tinea corporis – body b. Tinea pedis – foot c. Tinea capitis – scalp 2. Top layer of the skin 3. Spread by direct skin-to-skin contact
Fungal infections

18. Hair loss

19. 1. Normal shedding: 50 – 100 hairs / day 2. Causes: a
1. Normal shedding: 50 – 100 hairs / day 2. Causes: a. heredity – male pattern baldness / female pattern baldness; age of hair loss b. hormone changes – pregnancy, menopause, thyroid problem c. medical conditions d. medications – for cancer, arthritis, high blood pressure. Also, consuming too much vitamin A e. other causes (Source: Mayo Clinic)
Hair loss

20. Hair loss – medical conditions
Alopecia areata
Autoimmune disease that attacks hair follicles – not all follicles are affected
Hair loss – medical conditions

21. Hair loss – other reasons
Traction alopecia
Hair loss due to extended pressure like ponytails, braids, and cornrows
Hair loss – other reasons