1. Constitutionalism in England – V2
England’s journey to Constitutionalism
___________: King William established feudal system in which he sought advice of nobles before making laws
1215: ________________ signs Magna Carta, recognizing and protecting nobility’s traditional feudal rights
13th through 16th century: power of Parliament was dependent on the relative strength of monarch
Even strongest _________________ required Parliament’s consent to tax
1603: Elizabeth Tudor dies without a successor
Parliament named Scottish house of Stuart to throne
United the crowns of ____________________________________________
__________________believed in Divine Right of Kings
God put him in charge, not the members of Parliament
Charles I, James’ successor, dissolved Parliament
:_____________________________ over authority, religion
Parliamentarians (________________________) win, but dictatorship reigns
1660: Monarchy restored, Charles II became king
_____________:(The Glorious Revolution) William of Orange defeated James II, signed English Bill of Rights
Created a ____________________________________ within England
Stated specific powers of Parliament & King (establishing Rule of Law), stated that all monarchs would be Protestant
Coat of Arms of England

2. Absolutism: response to crisis
Some nations found stability by granting increasing power to _________________
Absolutism: political system where the ruler holds total authority over _____________________________
Justification: The Divine Right of Kings
Monarchs were granted power from _____________, therefore they were responsible only to _____________
To question a king’s power was to question God
How did Absolutism bring ___________________ to society?
A single ruler has only one religious belief
Acceptance of the legitimacy of authority (________________________) created no need for civil war
Mercantilism=more money & ____________________ to monarch
King Louis XIV of France: The Sun King
_________________________________ of France for 74 years
Became pinnacle of monarchial power & style
Used extreme wealth to build Versailles, used palace to pacify French nobility & ____________________
Years of extravagance left France penniless
King Louis XIV of France

3. Absolutism Across Europe
Powerful Absolutist __________________ States
Prussia emerged as strong military force
Austria’s Hapsburgs dynasty defeated _________________, created large central European empire
Never became powerful absolutist state because it was comprised of very different _____________________________
_______________________ Czars of the Russian Empire
Ivan the Terrible crushed power of _____________________
Powerful Romanov dynasty reigns: ____________________
______________________________ wanted to Westernize Russia
Looked to incorporate advanced technologies
St. Petersburg built as a “window to __________________”
Remained Russian capital city until fall of czars
Built Russia’s military, greatly expanded borders
Drafted men for 25 year stints, established ______________________
Required adoption of western dress and customs
Forced all men to shave beards, shorten coats
________________________________ gained more freedom
No longer wore veils, could mix socially w/men
Peter the Great

4. Practice Questions: Content and Basic Skills
5. What are the following numbers in Roman Numerals?
IV: _____
VIII: _____
IX: _____
XVII: _____
XIV: _____
Match the year with the century it belongs in:
: _______ A. 18th Century
: _______ B. 19th Century
: _______ C. 20th Century
: _______ D. 21st Century
Which statement best characterizes the changing relationship between Parliament and the King?
Parliament enjoyed more power prior to King James I
Parliament never had much power compared to the King
Parliament had less power before King James I than after
Parliament was always more powerful than the King
2. Which statement would King James I agree with the most?
I should share power with Parliament, to keep my people happy.
My people put me in charge—I will not share power with Parliament.
I am elected, and so I serve Parliament.
My power comes from the lord; I share power with nobody else.
3. Which of the following ideas does not belong with Absolutism in Europe?
Rulers had singular religious beliefs
Civil ward could be avoided, because the monarch’s power came from god
Mercantilism encouraged monarchs to have relaxed trade policies
Mercantilism helped funnel resources and power to the king or queen
4. Peter the Great’s drive to Westernize Russia included which of the following policies?
I. Inclusion of new technologies II. Military buildup
III. Women’s freedoms were restricted IV. Men adopted Western fashion
I, III, and IV C. II and IV
I, II, and IV D. II, III, and IV