1. Environmental Problems, Their Causes, and Sustainability
G. Tyler Miller, Jr.’s
Environmental Science
10th Edition
Chapter 1

2. Key Concepts Population Growth and Sustainability
Resources and Resource Use
Pollution
Causes of Environmental Problems

3. World Population
Fig. 1-1 p. 1

4. Human Population Milestones
World Population Reached
1 billion in 1804
2 billion in 1927 (123 years later)
3 billion in 1960 (33 years later)
4 billion in 1974 (14 years later)
5 billion in 1987 (13 years later)
6 billion in 1999 (12 years later)
World Population May Reach
7 billion in 2013 (14 years later)
8 billion in 2028 (15 years later)
9 billion in 2050 (22 years later)
Fig. 1-3, p. 4

5. Living More Sustainably
Ecology
Environmental Science
Sustainable Society

6. What Keeps Us Alive? Capital
Solar
Natural
Fig. 1-2, p. 3

7. Human Population Growth
Fig. 1-4, p. 6
Fig. 1-4, p. 6

8. Economic Growth Gross National Income (GNI)
GNI Purchase Power Parity (GNI PPP)
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Gross World Product (GWP)
Per capita GNI
Per capita GNI PPP

9. Economic Development
Developed Countries
Developing Countries

10. Environmental Effects of Poverty
Fig 1-5, p. 6

11. Resources
Perpetual
Renewable
Non-renewable
Fig. 1-6 p. 7

12. Renewable Resources Sustainable Yield Environmental Degradation
Tragedy of the Commons

13. Ecological Footprint
Fig. 1-7 p. 8

14. Non-Renewable Resources
Energy Resources
Metallic Resources
Economic Depletion
Fig. 1-8 p. 9
Non-Metallic Resources
Recycle
Reuse

15. Pollution What is pollution? Effects of Pollution Sources Point
Nonpoint

16. Dealing With Pollution
Prevention (Input Control)
Cleanup (Output Control)

17. Major Environmental and Resource Problems
Fig. 1-9, p. 10

18. Environmental and Resource Problems: Five Root Causes
Fig. 1-10, p. 10

19. I = P × A × T Environmental Impact I = environmental impact on an area
P = human population
A = affluence, resource usage per person
T = any negative effects from technologies
Fig p. 11

20. Environmental Impact
Fig p. 11

21. Human and Environment Interactions
Fig p. 11

22. Historical Changes in Human Culture
Hunter-gatherers
Agricultural Revolution
Industrial Revolution
Information and Globalization Revolution

23. First Crop-growing Technique
Fig. 1-13, p. 13

24. Agricultural Revolution
Good News
Bad News
More Food
Destruction of
wildlife habitats from
clearing forests and
grasslands
Supported a
larger
population
Killing of wild
animals feeding on
grass or crops
Longer life
expectancy
Fertile land turned
into desert by
livestock
overgrazing
Higher standard
of living for many
people
Soil eroded into
streams and lakes
Formation of
villages, towns,
and cities
Towns and cities
concentrated
wasted and pollution
and increased
spread of diseases
Towns and cities
served as centers
for trade,
government,
and religion
Increase in armed
conflict and slavery
over ownership of
land and water
resources
Fig. 1-14, p. 14

25. Industrial Revolution
Good News
Bad News
Mass production
useful and
affordable products
Increased air
pollution
Higher standard of
living For many
Increased water
pollution
Greatly increased
agricultural
production
Increased waste
production
Soil depletion and
degradation
Lower infant
mortality
Groundwater
depletion
Longer life
expectancy
Habitat destruction
and degradation
Increased
Urbanization
Biodiversity
depletion
Lower rate of
population growth
Fig. 1-15, p. 14

26. Globalization
Social
Economic
Environmental Effects

27. Fig. 1-16, p. 15

28. What is Our Greatest Environmental Problem?
Disease
Overpopulation
Water Shortages
Climate Changes
Biodiversity Loss
Poverty
Malnutrition

29. Solutions Current Emphasis (Reactive)
Sustainability Emphasis (Proactive)
Fig. 1-16, p. 18