1. Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

2. confederation: a loose association or league of states
Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp
confederation: a loose association or league of states

3. Organization and Achievements of Confederation
Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp
Organization and Achievements of Confederation
Articles of Confederation, 1777
developed by John Dickinson
had one governing body and a congress elected yearly

4. emphasized the states over a strong central government
Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp
emphasized the states over a strong central government

5. Adoption of the Articles of Confederation
Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp
Adoption of the Articles of Confederation
The Articles needed to be ratified by each state.
Land distribution was the greatest contention among the states.

6. Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution

7. Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitutionpp
compromise
Congress was given control of the western lands and made them “public domain.”
Each state obtained an equal vote in congress.

8. Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitutionpp
Congress based tax assessments in the slave states on the value of improved lands rather than population.

9. Political Power Under the Articles congressional powers
Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp
Political Power Under the Articles
congressional powers
lacked the power to tax
could declare war/make treaties, manage Indian affairs, establish a postal system, and coin money

10. The states agreed to cooperate in certain issues.
Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp
state powers
controlled foreign and domestic trade
the ability to tax
The states agreed to cooperate in certain issues.

11. Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitutionpp
Lasting Achievements
The most important legislation passed by the Confederation Congress dealt with the western lands.
Both pieces of legislation were written by Thomas Jefferson.

12. Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitutionpp
The Northwest Ordinance of 1785: provided for surveying and selling the western lands
The ordinance divided the land into areas of 36 square miles called townships.

13. Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution

14. structure: a governor, three judges, and a secretary
Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787: provided government for these western lands
structure: a governor, three judges, and a secretary

15. Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitutionpp
5,000 citizens: population with which the region could elect its own legislature
60,000 citizens: population with which the region could apply for statehood (write constitution)

16. Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitutionpp
Unfortunately, the Confederation Congress failed in several areas. These failures, which became obvious right away, highlighted the many weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

17. Administrative Weaknesses inability to enforce its laws
Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp
Administrative Weaknesses
inability to enforce its laws
economic weaknesses
couldn’t tax
lacked power to regulate trade
didn’t have the sole authority to coin money

18. still controlled western forts stopped American ships
Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp
Problems with Britain
still controlled western forts
stopped American ships
Problems with France and the Netherlands
unable to repay loans

19. wary of American westward expansion
Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp
Problems with Spain
wary of American westward expansion
right of deposit: ability to stockpile goods while awaiting export
southern boundary dispute (31st parallel)

20. many people going bankrupt
Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp
Discontent at Home
many people going bankrupt
Daniel Shays: led an armed mob to destroy court records (Shays’s Rebellion)

21. Preparation for Change Annapolis Convention, 1786
Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp
Preparation for Change
Annapolis Convention, 1786
purpose: help resolve disputes between the states

22. Philadelphia Convention, 1787 (Constitutional Convention)
Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp
Philadelphia Convention, 1787 (Constitutional Convention)
purpose: revise the Articles of Confederation
chairman: George Washington
decided to abandon the Articles and create a new government

23. opposed by several leaders of the Independence movement
Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp
opposed by several leaders of the Independence movement

24. Men Who Brought Change James Madison Alexander Hamilton
Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp
Men Who Brought Change
James Madison
“America’s first political scientist”
“Father of the Constitution”
Alexander Hamilton

25. Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitutionpp
Constitution: a document that describes how a government is to work and gives its basic laws

26. needed a stronger central government needed to be a republic
Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp
Points of Agreement
needed a stronger central government
needed to be a republic

27. Concerns and Compromises level of power held by central government
Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp
Concerns and Compromises
level of power held by central government
possibility of some states becoming too powerful
slavery and commerce

28. Virginia Plan (Large State Plan)
Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp
The Great Compromise
Virginia Plan (Large State Plan)
would have two legislative houses, both based on population
New Jersey Plan (Small State Plan)
called for one legislative body with equal representation

29. Great Compromise proposed by Roger Sherman
Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp
Great Compromise
proposed by Roger Sherman
called for two legislative houses: one with equal representation, the other based on population

30. Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution

31. The Commerce Compromise
Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp
The Commerce Compromise
north: wanted tariffs to protect their industries
south: opposed tariffs to protect their exports

32. The Three-Fifths Compromise
Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp
The Three-Fifths Compromise
dilemma: How should congress count the slave population?
solution: counted each slave as three-fifths of a person

33. Written Law: government powers are limited by law
Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp
Written Law: government powers are limited by law
A law is only good if it agrees with what God says.
Separation of Powers: divides the powers of government among the three branches

34. Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution

35. Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitutionpp
Checks and Balances: designed to prevent the three branches from exceeding their powers
A Federal System: divided the power between the national government and the states

36. Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitutionpp
Instead of amending the Articles of Confederation, the men at the Constitutional Convention had drawn up an entirely new plan for the United States. It was nearly impossible to know how the states would receive it.

37. Ratifying the Constitution
Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp
Ratifying the Constitution
Federalists: favored the adoption of the Constitution

38. written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison
Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp
The Federalist Papers
written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison
refuted the objections to the Constitution

39. Anti-Federalists: worked against ratification of the Constitution
Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp
Anti-Federalists: worked against ratification of the Constitution
opposed a strong central government
desired a Bill of Rights
ratification: needed nine states to approve

40. Reasons for Its Success biblical principles patience flexibility
Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp
Reasons for Its Success
biblical principles
patience
flexibility

41. Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution