1. Enzyme Activity

2. Warm-up (10-10-14) What is special about carbon compounds?
What are the four main carbon compounds?

3. Outline for the day
Objectives
Carbon Compound Review

4. Objectives
To review previous knowledge of carbon compounds and their purposes.

5. 4 Main Carbon Compounds
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids

6. Carbohydrates What are they?
Molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Sugars and starches
Can be broken down to provide a source of usable chemical energy for cells
Major part of plant cell structure
Monosaccharides – most basic
Glucose
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Polymers of monosaccharides

7. Cellulose vs. Starches and Glycogen
Cellulose has different bonding of glucose monomers
Starches are made and stored by plants, and can be broken down as source of energy by plant and animal cells
Glycogen – made and stored by animals is more highly branched than plant starches

8. Lipids Nonpolar molecules Fats, oils, cholesterol
Contain chains of carbon atoms bonded to oxygen and hydrogen atoms
Some can be broken down for energy
Some are part of cell structure
Fats and oils both contain glycerol bonded to fatty acids
Chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms
3 fatty acids bonded to glycerol – triglycerides

9. Lipids Saturated Unsaturated Most animal fats
Every place that a hydrogen atom can bond to a carbon atom is filled with a hydrogen atom.
All single bonds
Unsaturated
Oils
Fewer hydrogen atoms because there is at least one double bond between carbon atoms
Double bonds make kinks

10. Think about it
Why would the kinks in the unsaturated fats be important in living organisms?
Think about how those molecules fit together.

11. Proteins Most varied of carbon-based molecules in organisms
Polymer made of monomers (amino acids)
Molecules contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur
20 different amino acids
Our bodies can make 12
Others come from foods
Meat, beans, nuts

12. Amino Acids in Proteins
Form peptide bonds
Covalent bonds formed between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid.
Through peptide bonds, amino acids are linked into chains called polypeptides
A protein is one or more polypeptides
Specific sequence of amino acids determines a protein’s structure and function
Alpha helix
Beta pleated sheet

13. Nucleic Acids Provide detailed instructions to build proteins
Long carbon-based molecules
Polymers made up of nucleotides
Nucleotide is composed of sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen-containing molecule (base)
Only have one function – work together to make proteins
Two Types
DNA = stores the info for putting amino acids together to make proteins
RNA = helps to build proteins

14. Warm-up ( )

15. Outline for the day
Objectives
Carbon Compound Review

16. Objectives
To review previous knowledge of carbon compounds and their purposes.

17. Warm-up ( )

18. Outline for the day
Objectives
Carbon Compound Review

19. Objectives
To review previous knowledge of carbon compounds and their purposes.