1. Proteins – complex, shape specific, huge variety

2. C, H, O, N Amino acid monomer - there are 20, 8 essential in diet
Formed into long chains – polypeptides
Folded and coiled into a specific protein
C, H, O, N
dehydration synthesis!

3. Proteins are found in animal products
Legumes, and whole grain carbohydrates
8 essential amino acids are found in the paired foods of most cultures:
Beans and corn, fish and rice…

4. Proteins are for cellular function: • growth & repair
• cell recognition & defense
• molecule transport
AND
• to facilitate chemical reactions
via enzymes
the –ase suffix indicates an enzyme!
contains lactose – a disaccharide

5. All reactions need a little ‘start’ energy;
enzymes lower the amount needed

6. They do this by physically arranging the molecule(s)
in a way that makes building or breaking bonds
more likely.
Molecule to be
metabolized

7. Enzymes are specifc to the molecules they metabolize
substrate (reactant)
products

8. Enzymes facilitate the building of molecules …

9. …and the break down of molecules

10. The rate of the
reaction is limited
by the amount of
enzyme

11. Temperature also influences enzyme reaction rate…
Enzyme is
denatured

12. …as does pH

13. Less than optimal conditions will unfold the enzyme
- now denatured - and it will no longer function