2. The subjunctive is not technically a tense in that it does not deal with time, but rather a mood in that it deals with conveying emotions, feeling, doubts, desires and judgments. The indicative mood in Spanish is: the present, the preterit, the imperfect, the future, the conditional, the perfect tenses and the progressive tenses. The imperative mood is: commands.

3. Yes, but we are systematically murdering it. One example is with the verb to be after phrases of necessity etc.: Its important that Juan be here. vs. Its important that Juans here. That infinitive form of be is considered subjunctive and is introduced by the Its important clause We dont use this first usage much anymore, hence our murdering of the subjunctive

4. yo form of the present take off the –o add: -ar-er / -ir -e -emos -es -e -en -a -amos -as -a -an

5. And that works just fine because every present indicative yo form ends in –o, right?

6. Wrong

7. Dar – dé… Ir – vaya… Ser – sea… Haber – haya… Estar – esté… Saber – sepa…

8. Are still stem-changing verbs Pensar: piense pienses piense pensemos piensen

9. Except for –ir verbs, which are stem- changing but also change in the nosotros form the same way they change in the preterit: sentir: sienta sientas sienta sintamos sientan

10. tocar: pagar: empezar: toque toques toque toquemos toquen pague pagues pague paguemos paguen empiece empieces empiece empecemos empiecen

11. El subjuntivo en las cláusulas nominales Subjunctive in noun clauses!!!!!

12. Thats right a noun clause. The grammatical terminology refers to the fact that the dependent clause in which a verb becomes subjunctive functions like the object of the independent, or main clause. Thus, it functions like a noun!

13. Just look at the examples: I hope you learn things. Espero que aprendas. I doubt he knows. Dudo que él sepa. Its necessary that Juan be here. Es necesario que Juan esté aquí.

14. The verb in the first (main) clause determines whether or not the verb in the second (dependent) clause is subjunctive: Creo que tú ____ (ser) Jacob. Creo que eres Jacob. No creo que tú _____ (ser) Jacob. No creo que seas Jacob.

15. Necessity necesitar etc. Uncertainty dudar, no creer, negar, no pensar etc. Desire querer, desear, esperar etc. Emotion tener miedo, estar triste / alegre / enojado, etc.

16. Judgment: es bueno, es malo, es justo, es normal, es absurdo etc. Ojalá-What do I do with this?

17. For this thing, you need one clause with a subject and a verb that introduces another with a different subject and verb connected in Spanish with que: I want Juan to win. Quiero que Juan gane.

18. If the two clauses have the same subject, you dont conjugate the second verb and you dont need que. I want to win. Quiero ganar.