1. GOOD MORNING! TAKE OUT YOUR WARM UP SHEETS
GET INTO SMALL GROUPS (no more than five)
Complete the Stroop test I have given out at the beginning of class. Record your results on the warm-up sheet!
Which one of the tests did you struggle with the most?

3. The Brainstem

4. Hindbrain Structures Cerebellum Brainstem medulla reticular formation
pons
Discovering psy p 63 fig 2.14

5. Medulla Breathing Heart rate Digestion Other vital reflexes swallowing
coughing
vomiting
sneezing

6. Reticular Formation Network of neurons in the brainstem (and thalamus)
Sleep and arousal
Attention
Myers, Exploring psy 4e Figure 2.10

7. Pons Helps coordinate movements on left and right sides of the body
e.g., postural reflexes which help you maintain balance while standing or moving
Gray, 3e fig 5.6

8. Cerebellum Word actually means “little brain”
Coordinated, rapid voluntary movements
e.g., playing the piano, kicking, throwing, etc.
Place where procedural memories are kept.
e.g. how to ride a bike, swim
Lesions to cerebellum
jerky, exaggerated movements
difficulty walking
loss of balance
shaking hands
Hockenbury slides

9. Middle Region involved in visual & auditory processing.
Midbrain Structures
Middle Region involved in visual & auditory processing.

10. Forebrain Structures Thalamus Limbic System Cortex
Bloom, Nelson, and Lazerson, Brain, Mind, and Behavior Introduction to the Nervous System
Figure 1.07r

11. Thalamus Relay station in brain
Processes most information to and from higher brain centers
Like the Post Office taking incoming messages and delivering them
Gray, 3e fig 5.6

12. The Limbic System Hypothalamus Amygdala Hippocampus
Discovering Psy p. 67 Fig 2.18

13. Parts of the Limbic System
Amygdala
Emotional Center of the Brain.
Deals primarily with fear & aggression.
Gray, 3e fig 5.6

14. Parts Of The Limbic System
Hippocampus
Helps us form new memories.
Gray, 3e fig 5.6

15. Parts of the Limbic System
Hypothalamus
Provides us with pleasurable feelings for doing the things that keep our species alive.
Gray, 3e fig 5.6

16. Hypothalamus
Involved in the 4 F’s (1. Food, 2. Flight, 3. Fight, 4. Fornication)
sexual behavior
hunger, thirst
sleep
water and salt balance
body temperature regulation
circadian rhythms
role in hormone secretion
The hypothalamus is made up different subregions or nuclei. These nuclei generally differ in terms of gross anatomy and function.
Sexual behavior: The medial preoptic and medial anterior hypothalamic nuclei of the hypothalamus are heavily involved in mating behaviors of animals. Damage to these areas results in a loss of mating behaviors. Electrical stimulation of these areas (or insertion of sex hormones in these areas) can elicit sexual behaviors.
Hunger: Lesions to the hypothalamus can lead to severe obesity or extreme weight loss, depending upon the region damaged.
Thirst: Electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus can cause an animal to start drinking even in animals that have plenty of water in their systems. Neurons in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus are sensitive to changes in the osmolarity of blood. These neurons control the secretion of vasopression, which is more commonly known as "anti-diuretic hormone" or ADH. ADH acts in the kidney to increase fluid retention.
Sleep:
Temperature regulation: Your body tries to keep the same body temperature regardless of how hot or cold it is outside. The hypothalamus helps maintain a constant body temperature. Hypothalamus contains temperature-sensitive neurons. Neurons in the posterior hypothalamus become active when you are cold; whereas, heat activates the anterior hypothalamus. Changes in body temperature can cause the hypothalamus to initiate such behaviors as shivering, hunger, adrenaline secretion and fever to help you get back to the proper body temperature.
Circadian rhythms: the suprachiasmatic nucleus (or SCN) of the hypothalamus is thought to be involved in regulating the body's natural 24 hour rhythms.