1. Emergence of an Ordered Society
Ch 22: Economic Advance & Social Upheaval

2. Today A little more chapter 22 Finish Dickens Turn in…
Dickens when it’s done
Greek independence DBQ outline
Anything else you can keep until the test, then turn it in

3. Focus Question
How did European nations respond to the societal & economic changes in the 19th century?

4. Social Upheaval
Rapidly growing cities, increasing gap in social/economic = increase in crime in 19th century Europe

5. French Police Forces 1828 “Serjeants” Wore uniforms, lightly armed
In 1850, there were 500
By 1900, there were 4,000

6. British Police Forces “Bobbies” 1829 – 1830 About 3,000 officers
Primary goal: to prevent crime but also impose order

7. Prison Reform Imprisonment gradually replaced capital punishment
Reformers were motivated by the desire not just to punish criminals but rehabilitate them
Britain – kept prisoners in solitary confinement, but this was becoming increasingly expensive
Prisons became increasingly under the control of central government

8. NEW ECONOMIC IDEAS

9. Thomas Malthus Population growth will outpace food supply
War, disease, or famine could control population
Poor should have fewer children
Did not take into consideration increasing agricultural productivity and already decreasing family sizes

10. Thomas Malthus
Ideas influenced the use of the first official census in Britain
Some conservatives used Malthus’s ideas to argue against poor relief

11. David Ricardo Member of British Parliament
Became a hero to the middle class/capitalists for opposing laws that favored landowners
“Iron Law of Wages” - when wages are high, workers have more children, more children create large labor surplus that depresses wages, this would leave to starvation/misery/death, cycle would start over again

12. Jeremy Benthan & John Stuart Mill
The Utilitarians:
Jeremy Benthan & John Stuart Mill
Utility = usefulness
Goal of society is “greatest good for the greatest number”
Government intervention
- provide some social safety net
Pushed for reforms

13. Early Socialism Karl Marx
Joined small group of social revolutionaries called Communist League in 1847
Wrote Communist Manifesto
History = class struggles
Classes oppose/oppress each other
Government was being used as a tool for the middle class (bourgeoisie)
Now bourgeoisie faced proletariat (industrial working class) who would eventually overthrow their masters
A classless society would emerge