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Crisis and Renaissance

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Presentation on theme: "Crisis and Renaissance"— Presentation transcript:

1 Crisis and Renaissance
Chapter 13

2 Origin of the Plague Far East through Asia
Silk Road Brought to Europe through Sicily (Messina) Aboard Italian ships trading in the Black Sea Spread throughout European Ports Additional outbreaks throughout 1300s-1700s

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5 The Black Death (1346-1353) Bacterial infection
Airborne Carried by fleas, rats Black boils that oozed blood and pus, fever, pain Estimated 75 million killed worldwide 20 Million +/- in Europe (approx. 1/3 of Europe’s pop.) Additional devastation from famines (Great Famine ( ish) Affected livestock as well Especially European wool market

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7 Popular Response Quarantine Fleeing to countryside
Cities closed their gates Doctors refused to see patients Fleeing to countryside Abandoning loved-ones Flagellants (God’s punishment?) Religious ‘enthusiasm’ Not sanctioned by the Church Blaming Jews

8 Impact of the Black Death
Some turn away from the Church Had been unable to provide help Some survivors took to debauchery The ‘Dance of Death’ The ‘all-conquering’ power Art, literature

9 Changing Ways of Life Smaller population = less need for farming
Diversification of crops Land returned to pasture/forest Better standard of living Higher wages (supply and demand) = better diet Challenged class distinctions Higher birthrates Need for education (esp. priests) New universities constructed

10 Overlapping History The Black Death – 1346-1353
Continuous outbreaks for several centuries Sanitation, public health practices The Hundred Years’ War – Continuous population movement and trade Contributed to spread of disease

11 The Ottoman Conquest Turks from central Asia began to expand in early 14th century. Took name from Osman I Used negotiation and war Mehmed II conquers Constantinople (1453) End of Byzantine Empire Spreads conquest to Balkans Bridge from Europe to Middle East and Asia Christian Europe failed to provide support

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13 The Great Schism A crisis in confidence in the papacy
Papacy had moved from Rome to Avignon in 1309 Angered Italians (French popes) William of Ockham ( ) believed power came from faith, not the papacy. Nominalism – existing in name only Ockman’s Razor – Simple explanations are better than complex ones

14 Timeline of Schism Papacy moves from Rome to Avignon (1309)
Pope Gregory XI returns to Rome (1377) Urban VI chosen as Gregory’s successor (1378) Cardinals angry, elect Clement VII (1378) Clement moves to Avignon Conciliar Movement gains momentum Supreme authority in a general church council Council at Pisa (1408) Results in three popes Council of Constance ( Deposed three existing popes, elect Martin V

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16 Impact of the Great Schism
Caused tremendous anxiety Everyone in church had been excommunicated Plenary Indulgences – Full forgiveness of sins Heresies (opinions contrary to church) Lollards (John Wycliffe, England) The true church was community, NOT church hierarchy Extended past church to all social inequality Hussites (Jan Hus, Czech in Bohemia) Communion with both bread and wine (equality) Hus killed at Council of Constance Caused national revolt

17 Consolidation of Power
Bohemia – Hanseatic League holds power Economic/defensive confederacy of guilds/towns Poland – increased Jewish population, unification with Lithuania

18 Spain Isabella and Ferdinand
Unify (but administer separately) Castile and Aragon Relied on Cortez and large bureaucracy

19 Burgundy and France Burgundy – Power through diplomacy/military
Philip the Good (r )and son Charles the Bold (r ) Both devoted to security and prestige Charles dies without heir in 1477 Burgundy absorbed into France and HRE France – Louis XI Expanded territory, consolidated power Quick recovery from Hundred Years’ War Eliminated Estates General Maintained standing army

20 England Wars of the Roses Henry Tudor (Henry VII, r. 1485-1509) victor
Civil wars resulting from Hundred Years’ War Between York and Lancaster Caused little damage to countryside Economy relatively unaffected Henry Tudor (Henry VII, r ) victor As population rebounds, England regains prosperity

21 Republics Swiss Confederation Venice – ruled by a Great Council
Maintain peace, protection from HRE Led by wealthy merchants/tradesmen Venice – ruled by a Great Council Renaissance City; trade, shipping Florence – Medici Family Control through finances (bank)

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