1. Acids and Bases

2. pH scale
The pH scale is used to determine if a chemical is an acid or a base
Measures the number of hydronium (H3O+) ions in a solution.

3. pH scale
Runs from 0-14
For each increase of one unit, the number of H3O2+ ions increases by a factor of 10

4. Acids Chemicals where the pH is less than 7.
The lower the number the stronger the acid.
The lower the number the weaker the base.
Contains high numbers of H3O2+ ions; fewer OH ions

5. Acids Methods for determination in lab Turns blue litmus paper red
Turns phenolphthalein clear

6. Acids Methods for determination in daily situations Tastes sour
Reacts with metals
Reaction can be slow or fast.

7. Common Acids HCl –hydrochloric acid HBr – hydrobromic acid
HI - Hydroiodic acid
H2SO4 – sulfuric acid
HNO3 –nitric acid
H2CO3 – carbonic acid
HC2H3O2 – acetic acid

8. Bases Bases have a pH of more than seven.
The higher the pH the stronger the base.
The higher the pH the weaker the acid
Contains many OH- ions; few H3O+ ions

9. Bases Tests for determining pH of bases in lab settings
Turns red litmus paper blue
Turns phenophthalein red

10. Bases Determination of pH in daily life: Bases taste bitter.
Bases have a slippery feel.
Soaps are basic and have a distinctive feel of a slippery base.

11. Common Bases LiOH –lithium hydroxide NaOH – sodium hydroxide
KOH – potassium hydroxide
RbOH –rubidium hydroxide
Be(OH)2 – beryllium hydroxide
Mg(OH)2 – Magnesium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2 – calcium hydroxide
Sr(OH)2 – Strontium hydroxide

12. Neutral Chemicals that have a pH of 7 OR
Chemicals that do not affect H3O2+ or OH- concentrations.