1. How to Make Covalent Bonds

2. Covalent Bonds
Remember the Octet Rule? How many electrons do atoms need to be happy and stable?
Covalent bonds are created when atoms are shared
Covalent bonds are created by combining two nonmetals

3. Cl Cl Directions Let’s try two chlorine atoms1 2 14 15 16 18 13 17
1. Find your elements on the periodic table
Cl Cl
2. Write the symbol for each element

4. 3. Look at the group number to determine the number of valence electrons1 2 14 15 16 18 13 17
7 valence electrons

5. 4. Draw the valence electrons for each elementCl Cl

6. Cl Cl Needs 1 Needs 1 5. Figure out the number of electrons needed
6. Draw a circle around the valence electrons of each element to show which electrons are being shared

7. 7. Draw a line to connect the atoms where the electrons are shared.
Cl Cl
8. Write the chemical formula Cl Cl
Cl2

8. Covalent Steps 1. Find your elements on the periodic table
2. Write the symbol for each element
3. Look at the group number to determine the number of valence electrons
4. Draw the valence electrons for each element
5. Figure out the number of electrons needed
6. Draw a circle around the valence electrons of each element to show which electrons are being shared
7. Draw a line to connect the atoms where the electrons are shared.
8. Write the chemical formula

9. Now you try it . . . . (hint: hydrogen only needs 2 electrons to be happy)
Hydrogen and carbon H
H C H
CH4

10. Now you try
Carbon and oxygen
O C O
CO2

11. Covalent Bond Homework
For each set of elements:
Draw the Lewis structures for each atom. Use a different color for each element.
*Hint: Set up the valence electrons so they’re easy to share.
Draw a circle around the valence electrons of each element to show which electrons are being shared.
Write the chemical formula.
Complete the following
Fluorine + Fluorine
Hydrogen + Oxygen
Hydrogen + Phosphorus
Sulfur + Hydrogen
Carbon + Chlorine
Silicon + Oxygen

12. Videos of Lewis Structures
Bozeman science
Steps to Drawing Electron Dot Diagrams

13. Covalent Bond Homework ANSWERS
Complete the following
1. Fluorine + Fluorine

14. Covalent Bond Homework ANSWERS
Complete the following
2. Hydrogen + Oxygen

15. Covalent Bond Homework ANSWERS
Complete the following
3. Hydrogen + Phosphorus

16. Covalent Bond Homework ANSWERS
Complete the following
4. Sulfur + Hydrogen

17. Covalent Bond Homework ANSWERS
Complete the following
5. Carbon + Chlorine

18. Covalent Bond Homework ANSWERS
Complete the following
6. Silicon + Oxygen