1. Age of Exploration Week 2-2
Global 2
Ms. Lyons

2. 1400’s Europeans wanted Asian spices. Portugal & Spain explored first!
WHY?
They had technology & resources.

4. Reconquista
Ferdinand & Isabella – married & united strong kingdoms of Spain
They finished the “Reconquista” (drove Muslims from Spain)
Isabella wanted everyone to be Christian, so she killed/exiled Jews & Muslims

5. Technology Printing press Gunpowder Naval Technology
Gutenberg – access to new ideas (geography)
Gunpowder
Arab traders brought it to Portugal & they put cannons on ships
Naval Technology
Cartographers (mapmakers) astrolabe (use stars to navigate compass when at sea), bigger & better ship

6. People Bartholomew Dias (Cape of Good Hope)
Vasco de Gama – (Cape of Good Hope) then came back with Asian spices & sold for a profit
Christopher Columbus – Went west to get to India & reached Caribbean (Americas)

7. Imperialism in Africa Portuguese – string of forts on west coast
Dutch – called “Boers” in Cape Town, SA enslaved/kicked out Africans

8. Imperialism in Asia
Portugal: controlled spice trade for most of 1500’s (Indian Ocean)  no land power, just sea
Dutch: controlled Asian spice trade 1500’s-1700’s (Dutch East India Company)
Spain: Ferdinand Magellan (1st circumnavigation)
England & France: 1750’s British & “Sepoys” (Indian troops) pushed French out of India

9. TO BE CONTINUED TOMORROW…

10. Imperialism in the Americas
Spanish conquistadors
some searching for gold, missionaries
Hernan Cortes (1521: conquered Aztecs)
Francisco Pizarro (1532: conquered Incas)
Spanish = successful because:
Powerful weapons, horses, armor
Allies in Native Americans being ruled by Aztecs/Incas
Diseases killed Natives – loss of faith in their gods
French claimed Canada
English – Jamestown settled in 1607, 13 colonies

11. Triangle Trade
1500’s: African slaves were brought to the Americas to work on American plantations
Triangle between Africa, Americas, Europe
Middle Passage: the trip from Africa to the Americas on slave ships
terrible conditions  millions died from disease, mistreatment, or suicide
1800’s: slave trade finally ended

12. Encomienda System Peninsulares (born in Spain)
Creoles (European descent)
Mestizos (mix: Native & European)
& Mulattoes (mix: African & European)
Native Americans & Africans

13. Columbian Exchange Major result: Cultural diffusion!
Plants (corn & potatoes) traveled to Europe, Africa, Asia
Other plants (bananas & rice) came back to Americas
Goats & chickens – from Africa & Asia – to Americas
Diseases (measles & typhus) killed Americans

14. Mercantilism
Definition: exporting more than importing (Europe used Americas to get rich)
Colonies gave Europe raw materials & served as market for finished goods