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Biochemistry Making Sense
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2 biological reasons we exist???
Survive Reproduce
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Location = Cytoplasm ATP
The cells have phosphate and ADP groups floating around the cytoplasm. When these groups join, they make ATP! (a high energy compound). Adenosine Phosphate High-energy bond: Stores much energy *This energy is released when the bond is broken* ATP Energy Adenosine Phosphate When the cell is ready to use the energy it breaks that chemical bond and they become ADP and a phosphate floating around the cytoplasm again. Phosphate
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4 Types of Bio-molecules
Carbohydrates = ENERGY Starch Fiber Sugars Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides Carbohydrates Nucleic Acid = Genetic Information Nucleotide, DNA, RNA Proteins = ENERGY, storage, structural support, transport, cell communication, movement and defense. Dipeptides Polypeptides Proteins Amino acids Fat = ENERGY STORAGE Fatty acids, Glycerol, Glycerides, Lipids
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Carbohydrate -saccharide (sugar/glucose)
Identification: Contains Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen only. Straight chain or ring. 1 = Monosaccharides 2 = Disaccharides Many = Polysaccharides
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Nucleic Acid DNA and RNA Genetic information
Units are called nucleotides 3 nucleotides “words” are the code for how to build proteins. Identification: sugar + nitrogen containing ring + phosphate group(s). Deoxyadenosine monophosphate
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1. Nucleic acids make up amino acids and they make up proteins
Protein -peptides Protein 3. Proteins = polypeptide Nucleic acid Amino acid A - T - G - C 1. Nucleic acids make up amino acids and they make up proteins 2. Dipeptide = 2 peptide chains Polypeptide = many peptide chains Identification: Have NH2 (amino groups) and COOH (carboxylic acid).
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Glycerides = Type of Lipids
Fat - lipids Glycerol + Fatty acids = Glycerides Glycerides = Type of Lipids
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Monomer (“one”) - A molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.
Carboyhydrates – monosaccharide Protein – amino acid Fat/Lipid – glycerol + fatty acid unit Nucleic acid - nucleotide
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