1. Unit 3 Some Elements of Culture
Chapter 9
China:
Government and Culture

2. INTRO First part of the chapter will focus on GOVERNMENT!!!!!
What do governments do?
What influence do they have on your life in school?
What are some different kinds of government?
Second part of chapter will focus on the China…the country, its government, and its people

3. Names Justin Trudeau Andrew Scheer Frazer Russell Julie Payette
Jagmeet Singh
Queen Elizabeth
Gerry Rogers
Ches Crosbie
Dwight Ball
Judy Foote
Colin Holloway
Churence Rogers

7. MHA for Terra Nova
MP for Random-Burin-St.George’s

9. 3 Main Types of Government
Authoritarian Government:
one person/group holds all power and makes all decisions
usually take control by force and use the military to hold onto power
one person in charge is called a dictator and the government is called a dictatorship

10. Hereditary Government:
power is passed down from one family member to the next person in line
happens in a monarchy…where a king, queen, or royal family rules

11. Democracy: people have the power to elect their government
people can change the government if unhappy
WE have a democracy…
a representative democracy : citizens vote for people to ‘represent’ them and make decisions for them in government.
There is also a…
direct democracy : everyone has a ‘direct’ say in decision making

12. Types of Governments continued…
There may be characteristics of more than one type…
In Canada we have a ‘monarch’, the Queen of England (our head of state)…but she has no real power, as Canada is mainly a democracy.

13. Monarch (Queen)
Governor General
Prime Minister |
Cabinet
House of Commons (MPs)
Senate
Judiciary
(courts)
People of Canada
(voters)

14. Functions of Government
(1). create and enforce laws
laws: -the rules of a country
-keep societies organized and protect people
(2). national defence
(3). provide services including health care, police, child care, education, etc.
(4). communicate with other governments around the world
(5). represent people and make their lives better
…other functions exist

15. CHINA A few interesting facts: capital city is Beijing
approx. 1.3 billion people
largest city is Shanghai (approx 16 million)
main languages are Mandarin Chinese and Cantonese Chinese
has an area of about 9.5
million square kilometers
home to one of the
world’s oldest civilizations

16. China’s Government and Culture
In the past…
for over 2000 years, China was ruled by emperors…inherited the position, made all the laws, appointed people to help him
First Emperor – 221 BCE
- Zheng…called himself “Qin Shihuangdi”
-ruled for 15 years
-standardized Chinese writing and laws
-built new roads and canals
-began the Great Wall of China
-sometimes killed people who disagreed with him!
last emperor was in 1911 – only 6 years old!

17. 1949-1976 Chinese Communist Party (CCP) took control by force
a one-party state
dictator, Mao Zedong, was leader
no one was allowed to criticize his government…used army and police to enforce this
controlled all newspaper, radio, and television stations
all resources were owned by the state
all rules made by communist government
people had a right to vote and to run for election (but only for the Communist Party)

18. Cultural Revolution in China
launched by Mao in 1966
he claimed China’s ancient cultural heritage was out of date and wanted people to reject the old ways
many traditional cultural activities (art, music, etc.) were banned
educated people were persecuted
schools closed
students worked on farms
thousands killed and/or arrested if they opposed Mao

19. Government today in China…
Chinese Communist Party
Decisions made by Politburo
POLITBURO: a group of 22 people who control the Communist Party and make all decisions and laws
elected representatives must follow what Politburo decides
decides who holds positions in government including jobs in military, courts, and schools
not as strict as before
encourage education (especially science, engineering, skilled trades)
over 90% of people can read/write
cultural traditions are being revived
BUT, NO OPPOSITION allowed
influence from other countries has caused some Chinese to request more freedom