1. Source: Defense notes PAP
Systems of Defense
Source: Defense notes PAP

2. How do animal systems interact to defend the body?

3. 1st Line of Defense: non-Specific

4. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Main Functions: Main Parts:
Body’s first line of defense
Keeps out foreign objects
Helps control body temperature
Main Parts:
Skin
Hair
Nails
Sweat and
Oil glands

5. Cross-Section of Skin
Contains keratin for elasticity and waterproofing
Contains melanin for pigmentation
Functional layer of skin that contains nerve cells, blood vessels, hair follicles, and specialized skin cells.
Made mostly of fat
Lies beneath the dermis acting as a shock absorber and an insulator.
Anchors the skin to underlying organs

6. How does the integumentary system help with defense?
Works with the Immune system as defense against pathogens.
Protects underlying structures from
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation
Dehydration

7. What makes tattoos permanent?

8. Occasionally threats make it past the wall…

9. IMMUNE SYSTEM Main Parts: Main Functions:
Antibodies (protective proteins)
T-cells (WBC)
B-cells (WBC)
Main Functions:
B-cells produce antibodies that attack pathogens in the blood
T-cells activate Killer Cells that will destroy the pathogen.

10. 2nd Line of Defense: non-Specific

11. What happens if the pathogen gets past the 1st Line of Defense?
2nd Line of Defense-Non-Specific
Inflammatory Response
Local blood vessels dilate.
Increased blood flow to the area brings more white blood cells
Temperature Response
Fever.
Bacteria can only grow within a certain temperature range. A fever raises the temperature so the bacteria cannot survive.
Complement System
Made of about 20 different proteins
Travels the bloodstream punching holes in the cell membranes of pathogens.
Interferon, a protein released by virus-infected cells, prevents viruses from making proteins and RNA.
White Blood Cells
Neutrophils-engulfs and destroys pathogens
Macrophages-ingest and kills pathogens and clears dead cells and debris
Natural Killer Cells-attacks cells infected with pathogens, punctures their cell membranes

12. 3rd Line of Defense: Specific

13. 3rd Line of Defense: Specific Defenses
Specialized Cells are activated to target and destroy pathogens.

14. How does the immune system help with defense?
Needs Skeletal System to make White Blood Cells (WBC) in the bone marrow
Needs Cardiovascular System to transports WBCs to site of infection (redness is increased blood flow)

15. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM RECAP
Main Functions:
Transports antibodies & white blood cells
Transports toxins and waste products to be removed
Main Parts:
Blood vessels
Heart
Red & White blood cells (includes B- and T-cells)

17. How does the circulatory system helps with defense?
Works with Immune system to transports White Blood Cell (WBC) to defend invaders.
Works with excretory system to excrete toxins and waste out of the body.
Works with nervous system during fight or flight response.

18. Skeletal System Functions

19. How does skeletal system help with defense?
Protects soft organs
Works with the immune system by creating white blood cells (WBC).

20. Cross-Section of Bone Spongy bone Compact bone Blood vessels
Periosteum
Porous inner core
filled with red bone marrow
Production of blood cells and platelets begins
Hard outer covering
Made of fat for energy storage.
Tough exterior membrane
Contains blood vessels
Supplies nutrients to the bone
Yellow Bone Marrow