1. Kingdoms Eubacteria & Archaebacteria
Prokaryotic Cells

2. Prokaryotes Unicellular (single-celled organisms)
cells without a nucleus and without membrane bound organelles

3. Common Bacterial Infections
Strep throat
Anthrax
Chlamydia
E. Coli
Meningitis
Salmonella
Micrococcus (intestinal)

4. Bacteria are Everywhere!!
Microscopic life cover every square centimetre of the earth

5. Bacteria are Everywhere!!
Microscopic life cover every square centimetre of the earth
Smallest and most common type of cells

6. Bacteria are Everywhere!!
Microscopic life cover every square centimetre of the earth
Smallest and most common type of cells
Range in size: 1-10 micrometers (μm)

7. Bacteria are Everywhere!!
Microscopic life cover every square centimetre of the earth
Smallest and most common type of cells
Range in size: 1-10 micrometers (μm)
Are placed in 2 kingdoms: Eubacteria and Archaebacteria

9. Bacterial Growth and Reproduction
In favourable conditions bacteria can grow and divide rapidly, reproducing in several ways.

10. Bacterial Growth and Reproduction
Binary Fission- (asexual)

11. Bacterial Respiration
Fermentation

12. Bacterial Respiration
Fermentation
process that enables cells to carry out energy production without oxygen

13. Bacterial Respiration
Fermentation
process that enables cells to carry out energy production without oxygen

14. Bacterial Respiration
Fermentation
process that enables cells to carry out energy production without oxygen
= Beer

15. Bacteria are Important!
Bacteria are very important to humans:

16. Bacteria are Important!
Bacteria are very important to humans:
Food: e.g. beverages, cheese, yogurt, sour cream, pickles, wine

17. Bacteria are Important!
Bacteria are very important to humans:
Food: e.g. beverages, cheese, yogurt, sour cream, pickles, wine
Industry: e.g. help clean up oil spills by digesting petroleum, mining minerals.

18. Bacteria are Important!
Bacteria are very important to humans:
Food: e.g. beverages, cheese, yogurt, sour cream, pickles, wine
Industry: e.g. help clean up oil spills by digesting petroleum, mining minerals.
Genetic Engineering

19. Importance of Bacteria

20. Bacteria in the Environment
Bacteria recycle and decompose (break down) dead material
Bacteria are saprophytes (organisms that use the complex molecules of a once living organism as their source of energy and nutrients)

21. Bacteria in the Environment
i.e. when a tree dies it goes through many changes: weakens, crumbles and returns to the soil.

22. Sewage Decomposition

23. Sewage Decomposition Bacteria is used in the treatment of sewage
Bacteria break complex compounds from waste into simpler ones
Provides water, N2 and CO2, as well as other products that are used as fertilizers.

24. Nitrogen Fixation
all living organisms require nitrogen (don’t get a useful form from atmosphere)
when cyanobacteria and other bacteria take N2 from air and convert it to a form plants can use.

25. Nitrogen Fixation Bacteria are the only organisms capable of this
Many plants have symbiotic relationships with nitrogen fixing bacteria

26. Bacteria are Important!

27. Bacteria are Important!
They are inside you!

28. Bacteria are Important!
They are inside you!
Bacteria outnumber your human cells 10 to 1!

29. Bacteria are Important!
They are inside you!
Bacteria outnumber your human cells 10 to 1!
You need them to live!

30. Bacteria are Important!
They are inside you!
Bacteria outnumber your human cells 10 to 1!
You need them to live!
This is called your microbiome

31. Bacteria are Important!
They are inside you!
5:28 The Invisible Universe Of The Human Microbiome - NPR

32. Human Symbiosis with Bacteria
Some bacteria develop a close relationship with other organisms
intestine provides warm safe home with lots of food for bacteria and we get help digesting food. – e. coli
Some can make vitamins we can’t produce!

33. Bacteria are Important!
How Bacteria Rule Over Your Body – The Microbiome
Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell

34. But there are some “bad apples”
The Immune System Explained I – Bacteria Infection
Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell

35. First Antibiotic
Sir Alexander Fleming

36. First Antibiotic
Sir Alexander Fleming
Penicillin

37. First Antibiotic Sir Alexander Fleming Penicillin
An airborne mold that interferes with the ability of some bacteria to make cell membranes

38. Penicillin
Where did penicillin come from?

39. Penicillin
Where did penicillin come from?

40. Penicillin
Where did penicillin come from?

41. It’s the “bad apples” that are helping us drive forward antibacterial resistance. The creation of “superbugs”.
What causes antibiotic resistance? - Kevin Wu

42. It’s the “bad apples” that are helping us drive forward antibacterial resistance.
Watch antibiotic resistance evolve | Science News
Harvard

43. It’s the “bad apples” that are helping us drive forward antibacterial resistance.
Why Superbugs Thrive In Hospitals

44. It’s the “bad apples” that are helping us drive forward antibacterial resistance.
MRSA Superbugs in Meat

45. So here is our dilemma…
The microbes in our microbiomes are essential to our health and well being.
The microbes that cause disease can make us sick and kill us.

46. So here is our dilemma…
We are making our microbiomes weaker & less diverse when we use antibiotics, which kill bacteria
This can cause all kinds of bad effects on the body
But when we need antibiotics, they can save our lives.
At the same time…

47. So here is our dilemma… At the same time…
We are making those disease causing bacteria (pathogens) stronger, by presenting them with situations that select for antibiotic resistance.

48. So…
What on Earth are we going to do?