1. The Catholic Reformation
Catholicism on the Offensive

3. Reform Catholic reformation or the Counter-reformation
Habsburg-Valois Wars 1520’s- Emperor Charles V- focus shifted from supporting the Papacy
Reforms or reactions to Protestant challenge
1460 marriage and Isabella and Ferdinand consolidated the Spanish kingdom- removed noble authority and established a central Inquisition
SUFFERING

4. Reform Catholic Monarchs
1478 Pope allowed them to establish an inquisition for any and all new lands conquered...uhoh
Mostly focussed on converted Muslims and Jews (in case they were practicing their old ways)
1492 last Muslim area retaken by Spain (Grenada) and the Jews were expelled from Spain
Interesting year...

5. Reform The Society of Jesus
Ignatius of Loyola ( )- see handout
He combined Catholic orthodoxy and the wishes of protestant reformers- spiritual discipline would satisfy people’s desire to feel god while obeying Catholic orders
1540- Jesuits
Christian humanist education, missionaries

6. The Council of Trent 1545- 1563- churchmen from all over Europe
clean up corruption, ignorance and apathy
banned selling of indulgences
Catholics did NOT stand alone before God (acceptance of protestantism)
Prayers to saints and the virgin mary mattered, purgatory existed and good works were needed to get into heaven
Index of Prohibited books (abolished in 1966)

7. Philip II

8. Philip II
The church looked to a monarchy for military and political strength
Philip II- unparalleled zeal for both Catholic religion and empire
Moved the capital of Spain to Madrid- the geographic centre of the Iberian peninsula
Enemies: Turks in the Eastern Medit. and Protestants to the North
1571 Battle of Lepanto- Spain and Italian City states defeat the Turks
This would initiate a series of battles with Protestant monarchs that would last until 1648