1. Communism and the Cold War
Ch 22
Communism and the Cold War

3. Communism started in Russia following WWI (1921)
There was an intense rivalry and arms race between the capitalist West led by the US and the communist East led by the USSR
Then communist regimes everywhere collapsed in the 1980’s and 90’s

4. Alliances and Treaties
West East Military: Economic: Treaty of Friendship:

5. Ideology revisited Marxism- Socialism- Communism-
Evolutionary socialism-

6. Communist areas: USSR, North Korea, Eastern Europe, Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia, Cuba, China, Afghanistan, and parts of South America and Africa

7. How were these communist areas linked?
Focused away from nationalism and
Inspired by the USSR
Influenced by Comintern-

10. What areas became communist? What areas had communist influence?

11. How were communist movements like the French Revolution?
Ousted ruling classes
Looking forward not back
Involved peasant uprisings
How were they distinct?
Middleclass

12. Peasants (the newly freed serfs)-
Russian Revolution
Following Russia’s defeat in the Russo-Japanese War a revolution took place in The Tsar promised changes such as a parliamentary body called the Duma, but the changes were soon dismissed and Russia reverted to their previous style of Tsar based government where he only answered to God (ceasarpapism)
Russia was losing badly in WWI to the Germans because of their lack of industrialization and another revolution broke out in the middle of the war in 1917
Soldiers-
Peasants (the newly freed serfs)-
Nationalist movements by non Russian ethnicities took by the Ukraine, Poland, and the Balkans.
Romanov Dynasty-

13. Russian Revolution
Provisional Government- the government that was set up after the Tsar abdicated and did not meet the demands of the masses because it was led by the middleclass and refused
Bolsheviks- came to power and overthrew the Provisional government
Lenin’s Message: land for peasants, end of WWI, worker control of factories, and more autonomy for different nationalities. It appealed to everyone
He had to tweek Marx’s ideology because-

14. Russian Revolution
To gain power the Bolsheviks and their red army had to fight not only Provisional government supporters but the US, Japan, France, and Great Britain also sent troops to stop the communist government from taking over
Lenin ended WWI and renamed the country the USSR. It remained the only communist country until the end of WWII when Stalin took control of Eastern Europe
Yugoslavia

21. Chinese Communist Revolution
What happened in 1911 and why?
What were their policies and who did they appeal to?

22. What happened after Mao Zedong and the CCP were expelled from the cities?
Why did peasants not spontaneously rise up against their landlords?
Why did the CCP gain millions of followers during WWII?
People’s Liberation Army

23. What were other things the CCP did to gain supporters during WWII?
When did the CCP defeat Guomindang?
Where did they go?

27. Russia China Year they become Communist How they gained Support
Government they
Toppled
Leader that came
To power
People that
Supported them
State of industrialization
at the start

28. Building a Communist Society
Like the West-
But different
What is totalitarianism?

29. How was China different?
What disadvantages did China have?

31. Feminism How was feminism different in China and Russia from the West?
Organization-
Policies
Results for the long term?

32. China
Marriage Law of 1950
Results for long term?

35. Communism in the agrarian regions
Russia
Land Redistribution-
Collectivization-
Results

36. China
Redistribution- Collectivization- Results-

39. Industrial Development
The method- (5 year plan)
Effects-

40. USSR goes wayward- China’s response- The Great Leap
The Proletarian Cultural Revolution

41. Enemies How are they dealt with in the USSR?
Great Purge
gulag
How are the dealt with in China?
Chinese Cultural Revolution
Red Guards

42. Military conflicts in the Cold War
NATO vs. Warsaw Pact
Cold War (Iron Curtain)
Hot Wars:

44. Korea

45. Who fought in it?
What was the
result?

46. Vietnam War

49. Who fought?
What were the
results?

50. Bleeding Wound

51. Who fought?
What was the
result?

52. Cuba

53. Cold War
Arms race
No direct contact…why?

55. US intervention

56. Courting 3rd World Countries
Indonesia
Egypt
India?

57. US intervention What shows intense US intervention?
Imperial presidencies-

58. Military Industrial Complex
Meat eaters alliance

60. Spread of US goods and culture

61. USSR
Stalin?

63. Why did the USSR invade Czechoslovakia and Hungary?
What did this do to their world image?

64. USSR and China What caused tension between the USSR and China?
What did the USSR do?
How did the US benefit?

65. The End of Communism Three parts: 1. Mao Zedong dies
2. Miracle Year 1989
3. Christmas 1991
Moral erosion:
Economic Failure:

66. The End of Communism China
Mao Zedong dies 1976
Party abandons communist principles but retains political control

67. China indepth Deng Xiaoping Economic capitalism Political control
Opening of media
Farming
factories
Township village enterprises
Political control
Tiananmen Square

70. End of Communism USSR Mikhail Gorbachev takes power 1985 Glasnost-
Perestroika
Glasnost-
Democratization- new parliament
Stop the arms race
Political changes ineffective
Strikes, nationalists movements in the east

71. Allow Eastern Europe to overthrow communism
aka“miracle year” 1989
Human chain, 370 miles long
Granted independence
Effects of ethic tensions escalating
1991 USSR falls after an unsuccessful coup by conservative communists

74. Similarities between China and Russia
Differences

75. Other communist states reactions:
IndoChina
Cuba
North Korea

76. Communism is gone : )