1. 2.05 Remember the structures of the respiratory system

2. 2.05 Remember the structures of the respiratory system
Essential question
What are the structures of the
respiratory system?
2.05 Remember the structures of the respiratory system

3. Structures of the respiratory system
Upper Respiratory System
Nose
Sinuses
Pharynx
Epiglottis
Larynx
Lower Respiratory System
Trachea- below the vocal cords
Lungs
2.05 Remember the structures of the respiratory system

4. Structures of the Upper Respiratory System
Nose
Nasal cavity – space behind the nose, nostrils
or nares
Nasal septum – cartilage that divides the nose into right and left sides (Both are lined with mucous membranes. Why?)
Turbinates – scroll-like bones in the respiratory region. Increases surface area, turbulance -causes air to go in different directions
Cilia – nose hairs 
Olfactory nerve- provides sense of smell
Why do we have nose hair?
2.05 Remember the structures of the respiratory system

5. Structures of the Upper Respiratory System
Sinuses - Cavities in the skull.
Ducts connect sinuses to the nasal cavity
Lined with mucous membrane to warm and moisten the air as it passes through
Provide resonance (sound) to the voice
What happens to our voice when we have a cold? Why?
2.05 Remember the structures of the respiratory system

6. Structures of the Upper Respiratory System
Pharynx
Throat
Nasopharynx (nose)
Oropharynx (mouth)
Laryngopharynx (larynx, throat)
About 5” long
2.05 Remember the structures of the respiratory system

7. Structures of the Upper Respiratory System
Epiglottis
A flap or lid that closes over the opening to the larynx when food is swallowed
Why?????
2.05 Remember the structures of the respiratory system

8. Structures of the Upper Respiratory System
Larynx
‘Voice Box”
Triangular chamber below pharynx
Within the larynx are vocal cords,
the glottis-space between the vocal cords where air passes ,sets off a vibration, creating sound
Also called the Adam’s Apple-
during puberty becomes more prominent in the _________?
2.05 Remember the structures of the respiratory system

9. Structures of the Lower Respiratory System
Can you
identify
the trachea?
Trachea
Windpipe
Approximately 4 ½” long
The walls are composed of alternate bands of membrane and C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage. Keeps trachea open for passage of air to the lungs.
Lined with ciliated mucous membrane. Smoking irritates and damages the cilia, therefore there is nothing there to “sweep” away dust and debris, creating a perfect environment for bacteria/infections. Increase in mucous production triggers cough reflex, “smoker’s cough”, very sensitive to enviroment

10. Structures of the Lower Respiratory System
At the lower end of trachea, the BRONCHUS divide into right and left branches. (right and left main stem bronchi)
As they enter the lungs, the bronchus subdivide into bronchial tubes and into bronchioles. (fingerlike projections)
At the end of the bronchioles are alveolar ducts and clusters of alveoli. (Grapelike in appearance)
2.05 Remember the structures of the respiratory system

11. Structures of the Lower Respiratory System
Bronchi
Ciliated mucous membrane and hyaline cartilage
Bronchial tubes
Cartilaginous plates
Bronchioles
Thinner walls of smooth muscle
Lined with ciliated epithelium
2.05 Remember the structures of the respiratory system

12. Structures of the Lower Respiratory System
Alveoli
Composed of a single layer of epithelial tissue
Contain surfactant, a lipid material to stabilize the alveoli, “keeps them open”. (Premies do not have this)
Each alveolus is encased (surrounded) by capillaries
What takes place here?
2.05 Remember the structures of the respiratory system

13. Structures of the Lower Respiratory System
The lungs are located in the thoracic cavity
Apex (top of lung)
Base (bottom of lung)
Fit snugly over diaphragm.
Lung tissue is porous and spongy.
Right lung
Larger and shorter than the left lung
Displaced by the liver
3 lobes
Left lung
Smaller than the right side
Displaced by the heart
2 lobes
2.05 Remember the structures of the respiratory system

14. Structures of the Lower Respiratory System
Pleura
Thin, moist slippery membrane that covers lungs
Double-walled sac
Space is pleural cavity – filled with pleural fluid
2.05 Remember the structures of the respiratory system

15. Structures of the Lower Respiratory System
Mediastinum
A septum or cavity between two principal portions of an organ.
Contains the heart and its large vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, lymph nodes, and connective tissue
Also called the interpleural space
Located between the lungs
Contains the thoracic viscera
2.05 Remember the structures of the respiratory system

16. Structures of the Lower Respiratory System
Diaphragm from the muscular system!
2.05 Remember the structures of the respiratory system

17. Let’s review the structures of the respiratory system …
2.05 Remember the structures of the respiratory system

18. 2.05 Remember the structures of the respiratory system
Essential question
What are the structures of the
respiratory system?
2.05 Remember the structures of the respiratory system