1. food - any substance that your body can use as a raw material to sustain its growth, repair it and provide energy
enzymes - special proteins that catalyze (speed up) specific molecular reactions that would otherwise take place very slowly
substrates - molecules that bind to specific places on enzymes

2. cellular respiration - aerobic production of molecules such as ATP that the body uses for energy
aerobic - occurring in the presence of oxygen
fermentation - creates less energy in the absence of oxygen

3. anaerobic - does not require oxygen
toxins - substances that ultimately cause diminished performance or impairment of health
amylase - enzyme found in human saliva
starch - energy storage molecule in plants

4. digestive system - group of organs that breaks down food into small molecules
amino acids - required for repairing and growing muscle tissue; creates proteins
Kcals - food value
mitochondria - cell organelles that create energy

5. macromolecule - large molecules made of chains of smaller molecules (repeating units called monomers)
carbohydrate - sugars; monomer = monosaccharides
lipid - fats; made of triglycerides (3 fatty acids and a glycerol)
protein - made of amino acids linked together in chains called polypeptides

6. monomer - single subunit that makes up macromolecules
monosaccharide - single sugar molecule; monomer of carbohydrates
disaccharide - 2 monosaccharides linked together
polysaccharide - 3 or more monosaccharides linked together

7. dehydration synthesis - chemical reaction in which two monomers join and release water
hydrolysis - reaction where a macromolecule is broken into monomers by absorbing water
denature - destroy the characteristics of a molecule (usually protein) by heat, acidity or other effects
catalyst - substance that increases rate of a reaction (ex: enzymes)