1. The Endocrine system
Glands and hormones

2. Hormones- chemical messengers carried by blood-
May stimulate other glands
Regulate growth, development, metabolism, sex processes

3. Hormones need a specific receptor on a specific cell to do their job

4. Prostaglandins
Get their name from the prostate where they were first discovered
A hormone like substance produced by most cells
Known as a local hormone
Causes smooth muscles to contract
Can cause sensation of pain in headaches

5. Major Glands of the Endocrine system
Pituitary
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenal.
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes

6. Pituitary gland Master gland of body
Located in the depression of sphenoid bone
Produces many hormones that affect other glands
thyroid stimulating hormone
Somatotropin- growth hormone
Lutenizing (LH)- causes ovulation
ICSH- causes testes to secrete testosterone
Melanocyte stimulating- distribution of melanin in skin(coloring)
ADH- antidiuretic hormone

7. Giantism- oversecretion of somatotropin before puberty
Dwarfism- undersecretion of somatotropin. Cause: tumor, injury, infection, genetics
Diabetes insipidus- decreased ADH

8. Thyroid gland must have any source of iodine
Thyroid- produces hormones that control metabolism and calcium in blood.
Thyroid gland must have any source of iodine
goiter- not enough iodine
hyperthyroidism
hypothyroidism

9. Located just above the kidney Secretes many hormones Epinephrine
Adrenal glands
Located just above the kidney
Secretes many hormones
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Many steroid hormones, inc estrogen and androgens.
Steroids have a three ring chemical structure

10. Pancreas-
pancreatic juices into the intestine
secretes insulin, a hormone that transports glucose into cells.
Also secretes glucagon- increases glucose in bloodstream

11. Cause- decreased secretion of insulin Symptoms
Diabetes Mellitus-
Cause- decreased secretion of insulin
Symptoms
Excessive thirst, excessive urination, hyperglycemia, slow healing of skin infections
Affects 21 million in US: 7% of population
Estimated 1/3 of people who have diabetes don’t know it
225,000 die each year
132 billion/year- 10% of our health care spending

12. Insulin was the first hormone identified (late 1920's) which won the doctor and medical student who discovered it the Nobel Prize (Banting and Best)
Human Insulin - First ever approved genetically engineered human therapeutic by Genentech

13. Ovary
Produce Estrogen: required for the development of female secondary sex characteristics and for the development of eggs
Produce Progesterone: prepares the uterus for the arrival of a developing embryo

14. Testes
Produce Testosterone: responsible for sperm production and the development of male secondary sex characteristics