1. DNA Transcription and Translation
SC.912.L.16.5
Describe the basic processes of protein synthesis; transcription and translation.
Explain how transcription and translation result in the expression of genes.
Demonstrates transcription given a DNA template.
Demonstrate translation given an mRNA message segment and codon table.

2. The Central Dogma DNA  RNA  Protein
Transcription- making mRNA from DNA
Translation- making proteins from mRNA
Amino acids link together to make proteins

3. Transcription
Transcription is the process of making a complementary molecule of mRNA (messenger RNA) from a DNA template. This takes place in the nucleus.
RNA polymerase unwinds, reads and places the correct nucleotide on the mRNA strand according to base pairing rules (A to U, C to G, T to A).

4. RNA vs. DNA RNA DNA Single stranded Contains the base uracil
Contains ribose
DNA
Double stranded
Contains the base thymine
Contains deoxyribose

5. Translation
Translation is the process of reading the mRNA molecule made during transcription, and placing the correct amino acid in the polypeptide chain. This occurs in the cytoplasm.
It involves the mRNA, a ribosome, tRNA (transfer RNA), and amino acids.

6. The Genetic Code
The genetic code is the universal system that assigns amino acids according to codons.
A codon is a series of 3 bases on the mRNA molecule that codes for an amino acid.