1. DNA, RNA and Genes
Science 10 – 2017/18
Mrs. Day

2. DNA - Review What is DNA made of? How is DNA put together?
Just remember – SPBHSL
S = ______________
P = ______________
B = ______________
H = _____________
L = ______________

3. DNA - Review
What is DNA’s function?
DNA:

4. DNA and Genes How are DNA and genes related?
____________is tightly wound up strands of DNA.

5. DNA and Genes How are DNA and genes related?
Genes are a section of DNA.
The sequence of DNA that codes for a protein = ______.
__________ have many functions, one is to determine the traits of an organism.

6. How does DNA make proteins?
DNA, a double stranded molecule is TOO BIG to leave the nucleus.
_________ make proteins - in the cytoplasm of the cell.
So … how does DNA and genes make proteins?
The protein message must be carried from the nucleus -> ___________ -> ribosomes

7. Transcription: In the nucleus
Protein Synthesis
Transcription: In the nucleus
RNA makes a copy of the gene information on the DNA
RNA is like DNA except:
RNA is _______ stranded
RNA is ______, not helical
RNA contains Ribose, not deoxyribose sugar
RNA bases are A, C, G, U (Uracil replaces thymine
RNA is like a _________copy of a segment of DNA. A copy of a single gene.

8. Translation – in the cytoplasm:
As the RNA molecule is a single strand, it is smaller than ______ – so it can leave the nucleus and go into the cytoplasm
Once in the cytoplasm, the RNA and ribosomes bind together.
The _________ reads the RNA code. The RNA code tells the cell what amino acids to bring to the ribosome.
__________ _______ are the building blocks to make proteins.
Remember – the RNA code has all the information to make a single gene. And, a gene is the code for a specific protein.
This process is complicated.
You will learn it in more detail biology 12.

9. In Summary – turning DNA information into proteins is a 2 step process:
Step 2 - Translation:

10. In Summary Genes are a section of DNA.
The sequence of DNA that codes for a protein = a gene.
_____________: RNA makes a copy of the gene in the nucleus
RNA takes the information to the cytoplasm
__________: In the cytoplasm, RNA binds to a ribosome.
The ribosome reads the RNA code and the cell brings the required amino acids to build the specific protein (or gene).
__________ and __________ determine the traits of an organism.