1. ACIDS, BASES, SALTS
Acid - generate H+ ions in water
- taste tart or sour
- pH < (less than) 7
- respond to indicators
- ionize in water
- turn blue litmus paper red
- examples are HCl, HNO3, in
fruits (citric acid, or
tartaric acid)

2. HCl(g) H+ + Cl- or
HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl-
hydronium ion
Phosphoric acid

3. Some Uses of Acids
In stomach for digestion
Cleaning masonry,tile
Adjust pH of swimming pools
Car batteries, manufacturing fertilizers, paints, flavorings and soft drinks

4. BASES – generate OH- ions in water
- feel slippery and taste bitter
- react to indicators
- change red litmus to blue
- pH > (greater than) 7
- examples of bases are NaOH,
KOH, and NH3OH

5. NaOH(s) Na+ + OH-
hydroxide ion
NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH-
ammonium
ion

6. Some Uses of Bases
-making soap
-manufacturing synthetic fibers,
fertilizers, cleaning solutions,
dyes, medicines, tanning leather,
and in varnishes
-cleaning drains
-making plaster and mortar

7. pH - the power of the H+ ion, it shows
the strength of an acid or a base
The pH scale goes from 0 to 14
< 7 is acid
>7 is base
7 is neutral
pH of 1 is more acidic than pH of 6
pH of 13 is more basic than pH of 8

9. pH is measured using:
Acid-Base Indicators (or a pH meter)
This is an acid or a base that will
breakdown or dissociate at a known
pH range.
HIn H+ + In-
acid base
pH below the range- see acid color
pH above the range- see base color

11. Salt and water are formed when
An acid and base react
Called a neutralization reaction
because the resulting solution
is neutral (pH = 7)

12. Some Uses of Salts
Chalk (calcium carbonate)
Table salt (sodium chloride)
Many salts provide minerals needed
By the body--ex. Ca for bones
K for nerve impulses
P for energy and DNA formation

13. Acids / Bases Questions
In water acids generate ____ ions.
Acids have a pH of ___________ and they taste __________ or ___________.
List three acids.
List four ways that acids are commonly used.
In water bases generate ________ ions.
Bases have a pH of __________ and they
feel _________ and taste ___________.
List three bases.
List four ways that bases are commonly used.
What is pH and what does it show?
What is a neutralization reaction, and what
does it form?